Prokopton42
Symbolic illustration of Ancient testimonia on Carneades in the Prokopton42.com Library

Fragments or testimony

Ancient testimonia on Carneades

Carneades

One hundred carrier passages follow Carneades from criticism of certain apprehension to probable judgment without inventing a book for him.

Composition
carriers from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE; testimonia on Carneades
Sources and precision

The sort date follows the latest carrier. Reported positions concern Carneades in the 2nd century BCE and remain identified by carrier and passage.

Confidence C · probable range

  • Prokopton42 corpus manifestation manifests
Tradition
Skepticism
Period
Antiquity
Languages
Ancient Greek · Latin · French · English
Extent
100 passages · 35,730 words

Before reading

What you will learn

Argue a certainty fairly, construct its strongest contrary, then decide by the most persuasive appearance while naming what would revise that choice.

Short summary

One hundred carrier passages follow Carneades from criticism of certain apprehension to probable judgment without inventing a book for him.

Long summary

Carneades left no writing. Diogenes Laertius narrates his life; Cicero transmits Academic debates, often through Clitomachus; Sextus compares him with Pyrrhonism; Plutarch recruits him in controversies with the Stoics.

Every passage therefore retains its author, work, and locus. The set supports comparison of critiques of certainty, persuasive appearance, and opposed arguments without turning later mediation into an autograph voice.

Inside this work

The table of contents follows the divisions actually carried by the corpus.

Work › Carrier › Carrier work › Passage

Carrier Diogenes Laertius5 passages
Carrier work Lives of Eminent Philosophers IV.95 passages
  1. Testimony 9-62
  2. Testimony 9-63
  3. Testimony 9-64
  4. Testimony 9-65
  5. Testimony 9-66
Carrier Cicero79 passages
Carrier work Academica1 passage
  1. Testimony 46
Carrier work Lucullus21 passages
  1. Testimony cicero-lucullus-102
  2. Testimony cicero-lucullus-104
  3. Testimony cicero-lucullus-108
  4. Testimony cicero-lucullus-109
  5. Testimony cicero-lucullus-112
  6. Testimony cicero-lucullus-12
  7. Testimony cicero-lucullus-131
  8. Testimony cicero-lucullus-137
  9. Testimony cicero-lucullus-139
  10. Testimony cicero-lucullus-148
  11. Testimony cicero-lucullus-16
  12. Testimony cicero-lucullus-28
  13. Testimony cicero-lucullus-33
  14. Testimony cicero-lucullus-59
  15. Testimony cicero-lucullus-60
  16. Testimony cicero-lucullus-67
  17. Testimony cicero-lucullus-78
  18. Testimony cicero-lucullus-87
  19. Testimony cicero-lucullus-93
  20. Testimony cicero-lucullus-98
  21. Testimony cicero-lucullus-99
Carrier work On Ends12 passages
  1. Testimony 35
  2. Testimony 38
  3. Testimony 42
  4. Testimony 59
  5. Testimony 41
  6. Testimony 57
  7. Testimony 49
  8. Testimony 16
  9. Testimony 20
  10. Testimony 22
  11. Testimony 4
  12. Testimony 6
Carrier work On the Nature of the Gods5 passages
  1. Testimony 11
  2. Testimony 4
  3. Testimony 162
  4. Testimony 29
  5. Testimony 44
Carrier work On the Republic2 passages
  1. Testimony 8
  2. Testimony 9
Carrier work On Divination12 passages
  1. Testimony 109
  2. Testimony 12
  3. Testimony 23
  4. Testimony 62
  5. Testimony 7
  6. Testimony 150
  7. Testimony 48
  8. Testimony 51
  9. Testimony 87
  10. Testimony 9
  11. Testimony 97
  12. Testimony cicero-de_divinatione-2arg
Carrier work On Fate5 passages
  1. Testimony cicero-de_fato-19
  2. Testimony cicero-de_fato-23
  3. Testimony cicero-de_fato-31
  4. Testimony cicero-de_fato-32
  5. Testimony cicero-de_fato-33
Carrier work Tusculan Disputations11 passages
  1. Testimony 54
  2. Testimony 59
  3. Testimony 5
  4. Testimony 53
  5. Testimony 107
  6. Testimony 11
  7. Testimony 120
  8. Testimony 83
  9. Testimony 84
  10. Testimony 87
  11. Testimony 88
Carrier work On Oratory8 passages
  1. Testimony 45
  2. Testimony 49
  3. Testimony 155
  4. Testimony 161
  5. Testimony 147
  6. Testimony 68
  7. Testimony 71
  8. Testimony 80
Carrier work On the Laws1 passage
  1. Testimony 39
Carrier work Orator1 passage
  1. Testimony cicero-orator-51
Carrier Sextus Empiricus10 passages
Carrier work Outlines of Pyrrhonism1 passage
  1. Testimony sextus_empiricus-outlines-1
Carrier work Against the Logicians6 passages
  1. Testimony 159
  2. Testimony 166
  3. Testimony 173
  4. Testimony 175
  5. Testimony 184
  6. Testimony 402
Carrier work Against the Physicists3 passages
  1. Testimony 140
  2. Testimony 182
  3. Testimony 190
Carrier Plutarch6 passages
Carrier work On Common Conceptions against the Stoics2 passages
  1. Testimony plutarch-common_conceptions_against_stoics-1
  2. Testimony plutarch-common_conceptions_against_stoics-27
Carrier work On Stoic Self-Contradictions1 passage
  1. Testimony plutarch-stoic_self_contradictions-10
Carrier work On Tranquillity of Mind2 passages
  1. Testimony plutarch-tranquillity_of_mind-16
  2. Testimony plutarch-tranquillity_of_mind-19
Carrier work Table Talk1 passage
  1. Testimony 2

Concepts covered

Historical context

The world around the text

The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.

These are modern reconstructions. They situate a documented place, practice, or transmission and are not period documents.

Modern reconstruction of Rome for Ancient testimonia on Carneades on Prokopton42.com
RomeEmbassy and celebrated paired speeches on justice. The generated scene uses Rome and 155 BCE as its documented anchors.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Ancient Skepticism
Modern reconstruction of Nearby historical landmark, 334–323 BCE for Ancient testimonia on Carneades on Prokopton42.com
Nearby historical landmark, 334–323 BCEAlexander’s conquests open the Hellenistic age, where Greek schools spread far beyond Athens. The image situates Ancient testimonia on Carneades without claiming to show its scene of composition.
Modern reconstruction of Material world: technology, science, and care, 146 BCE for Ancient testimonia on Carneades on Prokopton42.com
Material world: technology, science, and care, 146 BCERome destroys Corinth and dominates Greece politically, while Greek philosophy increasingly shapes Roman elites. The image situates Ancient testimonia on Carneades without claiming to show its scene of composition.

What the world looked like

World of 1989

Modern reconstruction of the material world around Ancient testimonia on Carneades: Technology, science, and care
Technology, science, and carePersonal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet. Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration. CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits.
Modern reconstruction of the material world around Ancient testimonia on Carneades: Travel and communication
Travel and communicationCars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods. Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic.
Modern reconstruction of the material world around Ancient testimonia on Carneades: Farming and food
Farming and foodMachinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs.
Modern reconstruction of the material world around Ancient testimonia on Carneades: Clothing, women and men
Clothing, women and menLoose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes.
State of technology
Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet.
Science and knowledge
Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration.
Medicine and care
CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits.
Transport
Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods.
Agriculture and food
Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs.
Communication
Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic.
Clothing and fashion
Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes.

Editions, translations, and provenance

The following carriers represent the text. They do not create new passage identities.

  • Ancient Greekoriginal_carrier
  • Latinoriginal_carrier
  • Frenchhistorical_or_labeled_non_official_translation
  • Englishhistorical_or_labeled_non_official_translation

Source manifests: carneades.ancient_testimonia

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Ancient testimonia on CarneadesCarneades

Before reading

What you will learn

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