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Albert Einstein
Geometry and Experience, French Translation Section section-0011
Section 11 of 18
Canonical reference section-0011
French
Maurice Solovine
Supposons que nous connaissions la distribution statistique des étoiles dans la Voie lactée ainsi que leurs masses. Alors nous pouvons calculer le champ de gravitation d’après la loi de Newton, ainsi que les vitesses moyennes que doivent posséder les étoiles pour que la Voie lactée ne s’écroule pas sous l’action mutuelle des étoiles qui la composent, mais maintienne son étendue. Si les vitesses réelles des étoiles, qui peuvent être mesurées, étaient plus petites que celles données par le calcul, la preuve serait fournie que les attractions réelles à des grandes distances seraient plus petites que celles exigées par la loi de Newton. D’un tel écart on pourrait indirectement tirer la preuve que l’Univers est fini et évaluer même sa grandeur spatiale. Pouvons-nous nous représenter d’une façon intuitive un Univers à trois dimensions, fini et pourtant illimité ? À cette question on donne la plupart du temps une réponse négative, mais à tort. Les considérations qui vont suivre ont pour but de mettre ce fait en évidence. Je veux montrer que nous pouvons sans trop de peine nous construire une image intuitive pour la théorie de l’Univers fini ; après quelque exercice nous nous y sentirons tout à fait à l’aise.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Let us suppose that we know the statistical distribution of the stars in the Milky Way, as well as their masses. We can then calculate the gravitational field according to Newton's law, together with the mean velocities that the stars must possess if the Milky Way is not to collapse under the mutual action of the stars composing it, but is to maintain its extent. If the actual velocities of the stars, which can be measured, were smaller than those yielded by the calculation, this would prove that the actual attractions at great distances were smaller than those required by Newton's law. From such a deviation one could indirectly derive proof that the universe is finite and even estimate its spatial magnitude.
Can we form an intuitive picture of a three-dimensional universe that is finite yet unbounded? This question is usually answered in the negative, but wrongly. The purpose of the following considerations is to make this fact evident. I wish to show that we can, without too much difficulty, construct an intuitive picture of the theory of the finite universe; after some practice, we shall feel entirely at ease with it.
Concepts in this passage
Empirical test
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Family
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Geometry and physical experience
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Physical invariance
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Law
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Philosophical training
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Reason
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Suffering
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Time
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