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Albert Einstein
The World As I See It Section section-0151
Section 151 of 169
Canonical reference section-0151
English
Alan Harris
Non-physical thought knows nothing of forces acting at a distance. When we try to explain our experiences of bodies by a complete causal scheme, there seems at first sight to be no reciprocal interaction except what is produced by means of immediate con¬ tact, e.g., the transmission of motion by impact, pressure or pull, heating or inducing combustion by means of a flame, etc. To be sure, gravity, that is to say, a force acting at a distance, does play an important part in every¬ day experience. But since the gravity of bodies presents itself to us in common life as something constant, dependent on no variable temporal or spatial cause, we do not ordinarily think of any cause in connection with it and thus are not conscious of its character as a force acting at a distance. It was not till Newton’s theory of gravitation that a cause was assigned to it; it was then explained as a force acting at a distance, due to mass. Newton’s theory certainly marks the greatest step ever taken in l i nk i n g up natural phenomena causally. And yet his contemporaries were by no means satisfied with it, because it seemed to contradict the principle derived from the rest of experience, that reciprocal action only takes place by means of direct contact, not by direct action at a distance, without any means of transmission.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
La pensée non physique ignore les forces agissant à distance. Lorsque nous tentons d’expliquer nos expériences relatives aux corps au moyen d’un schéma causal complet, il semble à première vue qu’il n’existe aucune interaction réciproque hormis celle qui se produit par contact immédiat, par exemple la transmission du mouvement par choc, pression ou traction, le chauffage ou le déclenchement d’une combustion au moyen d’une flamme, etc.
Certes, la gravité, c’est-à-dire une force agissant à distance, joue un rôle important dans l’expérience quotidienne. Mais, comme la gravité des corps se présente à nous dans la vie courante comme quelque chose de constant, ne dépendant d’aucune cause temporelle ou spatiale variable, nous ne songeons ordinairement à aucune cause à son propos et n’avons donc pas conscience de son caractère de force agissant à distance. Ce ne fut qu’avec la théorie newtonienne de la gravitation qu’une cause lui fut assignée; elle fut alors expliquée comme une force agissant à distance, due à la masse.
La théorie de Newton marque assurément le plus grand pas jamais accompli dans l’enchaînement causal des phénomènes naturels. Et pourtant, ses contemporains n’en furent nullement satisfaits, parce qu’elle semblait contredire le principe tiré du reste de l’expérience selon lequel l’action réciproque ne se produit que par contact direct, et non par action directe à distance, sans aucun moyen de transmission.
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