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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S3
Section 486 of 1,114
Canonical reference B2.C26.S3
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
Time and place are also the foundations of very large relations; and all finite beings at least are concerned in them. But having already shown in another place how we get those ideas, it may suffice here to intimate, that most of the denominations of things received from TIME are only relations. Thus, when any one says that Queen Elizabeth lived sixty-nine, and reigned forty-five years, these words import only the relation of that duration to some other, and mean no more but this, That the duration of her existence was equal to sixty-nine, and the duration of her government to forty-five annual revolutions of the sun; and so are all words, answering, HOW LONG? Again, William the Conqueror invaded England about the year 1066; which means this, That, taking the duration from our Saviour’s time till now for one entire great length of time, it shows at what distance this invasion was from the two extremes; and so do all words of time answering to the question, WHEN, which show only the distance of any point of time from the period of a longer duration, from which we measure, and to which we thereby consider it as related.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Le Temps & le Lieu ſervent auſſi de fondement à des Relations fort étenduës, auxquelles ont part tous les Etres finis pour le moins. Mais comme j’ai déja montré ailleurs, de quelle maniére nous acquérons ces Idées, il ſuffira de faire remarquer ici, que la plûpart des dénominations des choſes, fondées ſur le temps, ne ſont que de pures Relations. Ainſi, quand on dit, que la Reine Elizabeth a vécu ſoixante-neuf ans, & en a regné quarante-cinq, ces mots n’emportent autre choſe qu’un rapport de cette Durée avec quelque autre Durée, & ſignifie ſimplement que la Durée de l’exiſtence de cette Princeſſe étoit égale à ſoixante-neuf Revolutions annuelles du Soleil, & la Durée de ſon Gouvernement à quarante-cinq de ces mêmes Revolutions ; & tels ſont tous les mots par lesquels on répond à cette Queſtion, Combien de temps ? De même, quand je dis, Guillaume le Conquerant envahit l’Angleterre environ l’an 1070. Cela ſignifie qu’en prenant la Durée depuis le temps de notre Sauveur jusqu’à préſent pour une longueur entiere de temps, il paroit à quelle diſtance de ces deux extrémitez fut faite cette Invaſion. Il en eſt de même de tous les termes deſtinez à marquer le temps, qui répondent à la Queſtion, Quand ? lesquels montrent ſeulement la diſtance de tel ou tel point de temps, d’avec une Période d’une plus longue Durée, d’où nous meſurons, & à laquelle nous conſiderons par-là que ſe rapporte cette diſtance.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Family
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Messiah
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Service
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Simple and complex ideas
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Time
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