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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S20
Section 789 of 1,114
Canonical reference B3.C10.S20
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
That which I think very much disposes men to substitute their names for the real essences of species, is the supposition before mentioned, that nature works regularly in the production of things, and sets the boundaries to each of those species, by giving exactly the same real internal constitution to each individual which we rank under one general name. Whereas any one who observes their different qualities can hardly doubt, that many of the individuals, called by the same name, are, in their internal constitution, as different one from another as several of those which are ranked under different specific names. This supposition, however, that the same precise and internal constitution goes always with the same specific name, makes men forward to take those names for the representatives of those real essences; though indeed they signify nothing but the complex ideas they have in their minds when they use them. So that, if I may so say, signifying one thing, and being supposed for, or put in the place of another, they cannot but, in such a kind of use, cause a great deal of uncertainty in men's discourses; especially in those who have thoroughly imbibed the doctrine of SUBSTANTIAL FORMS, whereby they firmly imagine the several species of things to be determined and distinguished.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Ce qui, je croi, diſpoſe ſi fort les hommes à mettre les noms à la place des eſſences réelles des Eſpèces, c’eſt la ſuppoſition dont nous avons dejà parlé, que la Nature agit régulierment dans la production des choſes, & fixe des bornes à chacune de ces Eſpèces en donnant exactement la même conſtitution réelle & intérieure à chaque Individu que nous rangeons ſous un nom général. Mais quiconque obſerve leurs différentes qualitez, ne peut guere douter que pluſieurs des Individus qui portent le même nom, ne ſoient auſſi différens l’un de l’autre dans leur conſitution intérieure, que pluſieurs de ceux qui ſont rangez ſous différens noms ſpécifiques. Cependant cette ſuppoſition qu’on fait, que la même conſtitution intérieure ſuit toûjours le même nom ſpécifique, porte les hommes à prendre ces noms pour des repréſentations de ces eſſences réelles ; quoi que dans le fond ils ne ſignifient autre choſe que les idées complexes qu’on a dans l’Eſprit quand on ſe ſert de ces noms-là. De ſorte que ſignifiant, pour ainſi dire, une certaine choſe & étant mis à la place d’un autre, ils ne peuvent qu’apporter beaucoup d’incertitude dans les Diſcours des hommes, & ſur-tout, de ceux dont l’Eſprit a été entierement imbu de la doctrine des formes ſubſtantielles, par laquelle ils ſont fortement perſuadez que les différentes Eſpèces des choſes ſont déterminées & diſtinguées avec la derniere exactitude.
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Constitutional government
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Law
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Nature
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Psychological complex
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Reason
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Service
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Simple and complex ideas
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Spirit
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Substance
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War and peace
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