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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S15
Section 818 of 1,114
Canonical reference B3.C11.S15
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
II. Secondly, Mixed modes, especially those belonging to morality, being most of them such combinations of ideas as the mind puts together of its own choice, and whereof there are not always standing patterns to be found existing, the signification of their names cannot be made known, as those of simple ideas, by any showing: but, in recompense thereof, may be perfectly and exactly defined. For they being combinations of several ideas that the mind of man has arbitrarily put together, without reference to any archetypes, men may, if they please, exactly know the ideas that go to each composition, and so both use these words in a certain and undoubted signification, and perfectly declare, when there is occasion, what they stand for. This, if well considered, would lay great blame on those who make not their discourses about MORAL things very clear and distinct. For since the precise signification of the names of mixed modes, or, which is all one, the real essence of each species is to be known, they being not of nature's, but man's making, it is a great negligence and perverseness to discourse of moral things with uncertainty and obscurity; which is more pardonable in treating of natural substances, where doubtful terms are hardly to be avoided, for a quite contrary reason, as we shall see by and by.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Voyons en ſecond lieu le moyen de faire entendre les noms des Modes mixtes. Comme les Modes mixtes, & ſur-tout ceux qui appartiennent à la Morale, ſont pour la plûpart des combinaiſons d’idées que l’Eſprit joint enſemble par un effet de ſon propre choix, & dont on ne trouve pas toûjours des modèles fixes & actuellement exiſtans dans la Nature, on ne peut pas faire connoître la ſignification de leurs noms comme on fait entendre ceux des Idées ſimples, en montrant quoi que ce ſoit : mais en recompenſe, on peut les définir parfaitement & avec la derniére exactitude. Car ces Modes étant des combinaiſons de différentes idées que l’Eſprit a aſſemblées arbitrairement ſans rapport à aucun Archetype, les hommes peuvent connoître exactement, s’ils veulent, les diverſes idées qui entrent dans chaque combinaiſon, & ainſi employer ces mots dans un ſens fixe & aſſuré, & déclarer parfaitement ce qu’ils ſignifient, lorſque l’occaſion s’en préſente. Cela bien obſervé expoſeroit à de grandes cenſures ceux qui ne s’expriment pas nettement & diſtinctement dans leurs diſcours de Morale. Car puiſqu’on peut connoître la ſignification préciſe des noms des Modes mixtes, ou ce qui eſt la même choſe, l’eſſence réelle de chaque Eſpèce, parce qu’ils ne ſont pas formez par la Nature, mais par les hommes mêmes, c’eſt une grande négligence ou une extrême malice que de diſcourir de choſes morales d’une maniére vague & obſcure : ce qui eſt beaucoup plus pardonnable lorſqu’on traite des Subſtances naturelles, auquel cas il eſt plus difficile d’éviter les termes équivoques, par une raiſon toute oppoſée, comme nous verrons tout à l’heure.
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Community
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Ether and field
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Family
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Forgiveness
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Messiah
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Mode
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Nature
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Reason
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Service
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Simple and complex ideas
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Sin
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Spirit
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Substance
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