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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S23
Section 877 of 1,114
Canonical reference B4.C3.S23
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
I. Want of simple ideas that other creatures in other parts of the universe may have.
FIRST, There are some things, and those not a few, that we are ignorant of, for want of ideas.
First, all the simple ideas we have are confined (as I have shown) to those we receive from corporeal objects by sensation, and from the operations of our own minds as the objects of reflection. But how much these few and narrow inlets are disproportionate to the vast whole extent of all beings, will not be hard to persuade those who are not so foolish as to think their span the measure of all things. What other simple ideas it is possible the creatures in other parts of the universe may have, by the assistance of senses and faculties more or perfecter than we have, or different from ours, it is not for us to determine. But to say or think there are no such, because we conceive nothing of them, is no better an argument than if a blind man should be positive in it, that there was no such thing as sight and colours, because he had no manner of idea of any such thing, nor could by any means frame to himself any notions about seeing. The ignorance and darkness that is in us no more hinders nor confines the knowledge that is in others, than the blindness of a mole is an argument against the quicksightedness of an eagle. He that will consider the infinite power, wisdom, and goodness of the Creator of all things will find reason to think it was not all laid out upon so inconsiderable, mean, and impotent a creature as he will find man to be; who in all probability is one of the lowest of all intellectual beings. What faculties, therefore, other species of creatures have to penetrate into the nature and inmost constitutions of things; what ideas they may receive of them far different from ours, we know not. This we know and certainly find, that we want several other views of them besides those we have, to make discoveries of them more perfect. And we may be convinced that the ideas we can attain to by our faculties are very disproportionate to things themselves, when a positive, clear, distinct one of substance itself, which is the foundation of all the rest, is concealed from us. But want of ideas of this kind, being a part as well as cause of our ignorance, cannot be described. Only this I think I may confidently say of it, That the intellectual and sensible world are in this perfectly alike: that that part which we see of either of them holds no proportion with what we see not; and whatsoever we can reach with our eyes or our thoughts of either of them is but a point, almost nothing in comparison of the the rest.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Prémiérement, il y a certaines choſes, & qui ne ſont pas en petit nombre, que nous ignorons faute d’Idées.
En premier lieu, toutes les Idées ſimples que nous avons, ſont bornées à celles que nous recevons des Objets corporels par Senſation, & des Operations de notre propre Eſprit comme Objets de la Reflexion : c’eſt dequoi nous ſommes convaincus en nous-mêmes. Or ceux qui ne ſont pas aſſez deſtituez de raiſon pour ſe figurer que leur comprehenſion s’étende à toutes choſes, n’auront pas de peine à ſe convaincre que ces chemins étroits & en ſi petit nombre n’ont aucune proportion avec toute la vaſte étenduë des Etres. Il ne nous appartient pas de déterminer quelles autres idées ſimples peuvent avoir d’autres Créatures dans d’autres parties de l’Univers, par d’autres Sens & d’autres Facultez plus parfaites & en plus grand nombre que celles que nous avons, ou différentes de celle que nous avons. Mais de dire ou de penſer qu’il n’y a point de telles facultez parce que nous n’en avons aucune idée, c’eſt de raiſonner auſſi juſte qu’un Aveugle qui ſoûtiendroit qu’il n’y a ni Vûë ni Couleurs, parce qu’il n’a abſolument point d’idée d’aucune telle choſe, & qu’il ne ſauroit ſe repréſenter en aucune maniére ce que c’eſt que voir. L’ignorance qui eſt en nous, n’empêche ni ne borne non plus la connoiſſance des autres, que le défaut de la vûë dans les Taupes empêche les Aigles d’avoir les yeux ſi perçans. Quiconque conſiderera la puiſſance infinie, la ſageſſe & la bonté du Créateur de toutes choſes, aura tout ſujet de penſer que ces grandes Vertus n’ont pas été bornées à la formation d’une Créature auſſi peu conſiderable & auſſi impuiſſante que lui paroîtra l’Homme, qui ſelon toutes les apparences tient le rang parmi tous les Etres Intellectuels. Ainſi nous ignorons de quelles facultez ont été enrichies d’autres Eſpèces de Créatures pour pénétrer dans la nature & dans la conſtitution intérieure des nôtres. Une choſe que nous ſavons & que nous voyons certainement, c’eſt qu’il nous manque de les voir plus à fond que nous ne faiſons, pour pouvoir les connoître d’une maniére plus parfaite. Et il nous eſt aiſé d’être convaincus, que les idées que nous pouvons avoir par le ſecours de nos Facultez, n’ont aucune proportion avec les Choſes mêmes, puiſque nous n’avons pas une idée claire & diſtincte de la Subſtance même qui eſt le fondement de tout le reſte. Mais un tel manque d’idées étant une partie auſſi bien qu’une cauſe de notre Ignorance, ne ſauroit être ſpecifié. Ce que je croi pouvoir dire hardiment ſur cela, c’eſt que le Monde Intellectuel & le Monde Materiel ſont parfaitement ſemblables en ce point, Que la partie que nous voyons de l’un ou de l’autre n’a aucune proportion avec ce que nous ne voyons pas ; & que tout ce que nous en pouvons découvrir par nos yeux ou par nos penſées, n’eſt qu’un point, & preſque rien en comparaiſon du reſte.
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Constitutional government
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Creation
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Family
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Human wisdom
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Justice
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Cognitive impression
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Knowledge
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Law
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Messiah
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Mindfulness
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Nature
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Poverty and wealth
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Reason
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Simple and complex ideas
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Sin
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Spirit
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Substance
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Virtue
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Wisdom
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