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Panaetius
Panaetius Fragments in Fowler’s Edition Carrier unit 2
Carrier unit 2 of 59
Canonical reference 2
Latin
2. [Cicero, De Off. III, 2,7.] Panaetius igitur, qui sine controversia de officiis
accuratissime disputavit quemque nos correctione quadam adhibita potissimum
secuti sumus, tribus generibus propositis, in quibus deliberare homines et
consultare:de officio solerent, uno cum dubitarent, honestumne id esset de quo
ageretur, an turpe, altero, utilene esset an inutile, tertio, si id quod speciem haberet
honesti pugnaret cum eo quod utile videretur quo modo ea discerni oporteret, de
duobus generibus primis tribus libris explicavit, de tertio autem genere deinceps se
scripsit dicturum nec exsolvit id quod promiserat. (cf. III, 2, 9. III, 3, 11. v. L. 80. 102.
109 sq.)
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-15
2. [Cicero, On Duties III, 2, 7.] Panaetius, then, who indisputably discussed duties with the greatest precision and whom I have followed above all, with certain corrections, set out three kinds of case in which people are accustomed to deliberate and take counsel about duty: first, when they doubt whether the matter at issue is honorable or disgraceful; second, whether it is useful or useless; third, if something bearing the appearance of honor should conflict with what seemed useful, how the two ought to be distinguished. He explained the first two kinds in three books, but wrote that he would discuss the third kind subsequently, and did not fulfill what he had promised. (cf. III, 2, 9. III, 3, 11. v. L. 80. 102. 109 sq.)
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-15
2. [Cicéron, Des devoirs III, 2, 7.] Panétius, qui, sans conteste, a traité des devoirs avec la plus grande précision et que nous avons principalement suivi, moyennant certaines corrections, avait posé trois genres de questions sur lesquelles les hommes ont coutume de délibérer et de consulter au sujet du devoir : le premier, lorsqu’ils se demandent si l’objet en question est honorable ou honteux ; le deuxième, s’il est utile ou inutile ; le troisième, lorsqu’une chose présentant l’apparence de l’honnête entre en conflit avec ce qui paraît utile, pour déterminer comment il faut les distinguer. Il exposa les deux premiers genres en trois livres, puis écrivit qu’il traiterait ensuite du troisième, mais il ne s’acquitta pas de sa promesse. (cf. III, 2, 9 ; III, 3, 11 ; v. L. 80, 102, 109 sq.)
Concepts in this passage
Appropriate action
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Civic cooperation
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Civic duty
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Moral decorum
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Duty
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Moral rightness and utility
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Honorable and useful
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Individual character and role
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Nature
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Prepared prudence
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Reason
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Sin
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Virtue
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