Public domain
The work and displayed translations are recorded as public domain or from an open transcription.
Plato
Letters Attributed to Plato Passage 313
Passage 5 of 55
Canonical reference 313
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-epistles-grc
ἡ οὖν ἀνθρωπίνη ψυχὴ περὶ αὐτὰ ὀρέγεται μαθεῖν ποῖʼ ἄττα ἐστίν, βλέπουσα εἰς τὰ αὑτῆς συγγενῆ, ὧν οὐδὲν ἱκανῶς ἔχει. τοῦ δὴ βασιλέως πέρι καὶ ὧν εἶπον, οὐδέν ἐστιν τοιοῦτον - τὸ δὴ μετὰ τοῦτο ἡ ψυχή φησιν - ἀλλὰ ποῖόν τι μήν; τοῦτʼ ἐστίν, ὦ παῖ Διονυσίου καὶ Δωρίδος, τὸ ἐρώτημα ὃ πάντων αἴτιόν ἐστιν κακῶν, μᾶλλον δὲ ἡ περὶ τούτου ὠδὶς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἐγγιγνομένη, ἣν εἰ μή τις ἐξαιρεθήσεται, τῆς ἀληθείας ὄντως οὐ μή ποτε τύχῃ. σὺ δὲ τοῦτο πρὸς ἐμὲ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ ὑπὸ ταῖς δάφναις αὐτὸς ἔφησθα ἐννενοηκέναι καὶ εἶναι σὸν εὕρημα· καὶ ἐγὼ εἶπον ὅτι τοῦτο εἰ φαίνοιτό σοι οὕτως ἔχειν, πολλῶν ἂν εἴης λόγων ἐμὲ ἀπολελυκώς. οὐ μὴν ἄλλῳ γέ ποτʼ ἔφην ἐντετυχηκέναι τοῦθʼ ηὑρηκότι, ἀλλὰ ἡ πολλή μοι πραγματεία περὶ τοῦτʼ εἴη· σὺ δὲ ἴσως μὲν ἀκούσας του, τάχα δʼ ἂν θείᾳ μοίρᾳ κατὰ τοῦθʼ ὁρμήσας, ἔπειτα αὐτοῦ τὰς ἀποδείξεις ὡς ἔχων βεβαίως οὐ κατέδησας, ἀλλʼ ᾄττει σοι τοτὲ μὲν οὕτως, τοτὲ δὲ ἄλλως περὶ τὸ φανταζόμενον, τὸ δὲ οὐδέν ἐστιν τοιοῦτον. καὶ τοῦτο οὐ σοὶ μόνῳ γέγονεν, ἀλλʼ εὖ ἴσθι μηδένα πώποτέ μου τὸ πρῶτον ἀκούσαντα ἔχειν ἄλλως πως ἢ οὕτως κατʼ ἀρχάς, καὶ ὁ μὲν πλείω ἔχων πράγματα, ὁ δὲ ἐλάττω, μόγις ἀπαλλάττονται, σχεδὸν δὲ οὐδεὶς ὀλίγα. τούτων δὴ γεγονότων καὶ ἐχόντων οὕτω, σχεδὸν κατὰ τὴν ἐμὴν δόξαν ηὑρήκαμεν ὃ σὺ ἐπέστειλας, ὅπως δεῖ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἡμᾶς ἔχειν. ἐπεὶ γὰρ βασανίζεις αὐτὰ συγγιγνόμενός τε ἄλλοις καὶ παραθεώμενος παρὰ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ αὐτὰ καθʼ αὑτά, νῦν σοι ταῦτά τε, εἰ ἀληθὴς ἡ βάσανος, προσφύσεται, καὶ οἰκεῖος τούτοις τε καὶ ἡμῖν ἔσῃ. πῶς οὖν αὐτά τʼ ἔσται καὶ πάντα ἃ εἰρήκαμεν; τὸν Ἀρχέδημον νῦν τε ὀρθῶς ἐποίησας πέμψας, καὶ τὸ λοιπόν, ἐπειδὰν ἔλθῃ πρὸς σὲ καὶ ἀπαγγείλῃ τὰ παρʼ ἐμοῦ, μετὰ ταῦτα ἴσως ἄλλαι σε ἀπορίαι λήψονται. πέμψεις οὖν αὖθις, ἂν ὀρθῶς βουλεύῃ, παρʼ ἐμὲ τὸν Ἀρχέδημον, ὁ δʼ ἐμπορευσάμενος ἥξει πάλιν· καὶ τοῦτο ἐὰν δὶς ἢ τρὶς ποιήσῃς καὶ βασανίσῃς τὰ παρʼ ἐμοῦ πεμφθέντα ἱκανῶς, θαυμάζοιμʼ ἂν εἰ μὴ τὰ νῦν ἀπορούμενα πολύ σοι διοίσει ἢ νῦν.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-epistles-en
About these, then, the human soul strives to learn, looking to the things that are akin to itself, whereof none is fully perfect. But as to the King and the objects I have mentioned, they are of quite different quality. In the next place the soul inquires - Well then, what quality have they? But the cause of all the mischief, O son of Dionysius and Doris, lies in this very question, or rather in the travail which this question creates in the soul; and unless a man delivers himself from this he will never really attain the truth. You, however, declared to me in the garden, under the laurels, that you had formed this notion yourself and that it was a discovery of your own; and I made answer that if it was plain to you that this was so, you would have saved me from a long discourse. I said, however, that I had never met with any other person who had made this discovery; on the contrary most of the trouble I had was about this very problem. So then, after you had either, as is probable, got the true solution from someone else, or had possibly (by Heaven’s favor) hit on it yourself, you fancied you had a firm grip on the proofs of it, and so you omitted to make them fast; thus your view of the truth sways now this way, now that, round about the apparent object; whereas the true object is wholly different. Nor are you alone in this experience; on the contrary, there has never yet been anyone, I assure you, who has not suffered the same confusion at the beginning, when he first learnt this doctrine from me; and they all overcome it with difficulty, one man having more trouble and another less, but scarcely a single one of them escapes with but little. So now that this has occurred, and things are in this state, we have pretty well found an answer, as I think, to the question how we ought to behave towards each other. For seeing that you are testing my doctrines both by attending the lectures of other teachers and by examining my teaching side by side with theirs, as well as by itself, then, if the test you make is a true one, not only will these doctrines implant themselves now in your mind, but you also will be devoted both to them and to us. How, then, will this, and all that I have said, be brought to pass? You have done right now in sending Archedemus; and in the future also, after he returns to you and reports my answer, you will probably be beset later on with fresh perplexities. Then, if you are rightly advised, you will send Archedemus back to me, and he with his cargo will return to you again. And if you do this twice or thrice, and fully test the doctrines I send you, I shall be surprised if your present difficulties do not assume quite a new aspect.
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-epistles-fr-01
[313a] qui la satisfasse absolument. Il n’y a, dans ce que nous voyons, aucune analogie avec ce roi et ces choses dont j’ai parlé. Mais pour ce qui vient ensuite, l’âme peut en rendre compte. Que dire, fils de Denys et de Doris, de la question que tu me fais, quelle est la cause de tous les maux ? C’est là un doute qui déchire cruellement l’âme, et qui l’empêche, tant qu’on ne l’en a pas délivrée, d’atteindre jamais la vérité. Cependant, un jour que nous nous promenions dans tes jardins, à l’ombre des lauriers, [313b] tu me dis que tu avais résolu ce problème sans le secours de personne. Je te répondis que si tu étais bien sûr de ce que tu avançais, ce serait m’épargner beaucoup de peines et de paroles. J’ajoutai que je n’avais jamais rencontré personne qui eût fait la même découverte, et que pour moi, elle m’avait coûté de longues et pénibles recherches. Peut-être as-tu entendu raisonner sur cette matière, et c’est de là que seront heureusement venues tes premières idées. Tu ne me donnais aucune preuve démonstrative, comme tu aurais fait si tu avais été bien sûr de toi, mais tu te laissais entraîner de côté et d’autres au gré [313c] de ton imagination. Ce n’est pas ainsi qu’on vide une question de cette importance. Au reste, tu n’es pas le seul à qui pareille chose soit arrivée. Tous ceux qui m’ont entendu pour la première fois ont éprouvé de la difficulté, les uns plus, les autres moins ; mais il n’y en a presque aucun à qui cette étude n’ait coûté de la peine. Cela étant, je crois avoir trouvé la réponse à ta demande relativement à la conduite que nous devons tenir l’un envers l’autre. Examine bien, en conférant avec d’autres personnes, mon opinion en elle-même et [313d] comparée aux autres opinions ; et si tu ne t’es laissé guider que par la raison dans cet examen, tu seras nécessairement de mon avis. Comment n’en serait-il pas ainsi sur ce point et sur tout ce que nous avons dit ? Tu as très bien fait dans cette occasion de m’envoyer Archidème. Quand à son retour il t’aura rendu compte de mes réponses, il s’élèvera peut-être de nouveaux doutes dans ton esprit. Si tu m’en crois, tu me le renverras, et il ne retournera près de toi qu’avec de bonnes emplettes ; et quand il aura fait deux ou trois fois le voyage, [313e] et que tu auras bien réfléchi sur ce que je t’aurai envoyé, je serais bien étonné si ce qui t’embarrasse à présent ne devenait pas parfaitement clair. N’hésitez donc pas de faire ce que je vous conseille : toi et Archidème vous n’entreprendrez jamais de négoce ni plus beau
Concepts in this passage
Moral accountability
View detailed page
Filter the library
Aporia
View detailed page
Filter the library
Care of the soul
View detailed page
Filter the library
Dialectic
View detailed page
Filter the library
Ether and field
View detailed page
Filter the library
Faith
View detailed page
Filter the library
Family
View detailed page
Filter the library
Intelligible forms
View detailed page
Filter the library
Fortune
View detailed page
Filter the library
Impressions and assent
View detailed page
Filter the library
Law
View detailed page
Filter the library
Liberation
View detailed page
Filter the library
Messiah
View detailed page
Filter the library
Mindfulness
View detailed page
Filter the library
Philosophical eros
View detailed page
Filter the library
Probable judgment
View detailed page
Filter the library
Reason
View detailed page
Filter the library
Roles and relationships
View detailed page
Filter the library
Salvation
View detailed page
Filter the library
Sin
View detailed page
Filter the library
Spirit
View detailed page
Filter the library
Truth
View detailed page
Filter the library
War and peace
View detailed page
Filter the library