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Plato
Letters Attributed to Plato Passage 356
Passage 48 of 55
Canonical reference 356
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-epistles-grc
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις σύμπασιν ἀδόλῳ γνώμῃ καὶ ὑγιεῖ μετὰ θεῶν βασιλέα στήσασθε, πρῶτον μὲν τὸν ἐμὸν ὑὸν χαρίτων ἕνεκα διττῶν, τῆς τε παρʼ ἐμοῦ καὶ τῆς παρὰ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πατρός - ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ βαρβάρων ἠλευθέρωσεν ἐν τῷ τότε χρόνῳ τὴν πόλιν, ἐγὼ δὲ ἀπὸ τυράννων νῦν δίς, ὧν αὐτοὶ μάρτυρες ὑμεῖς γεγόνατε - δεύτερον δὲ δὴ ποιεῖσθε βασιλέα τὸν τῷ μὲν ἐμῷ πατρὶ ταὐτὸν κεκτημένον ὄνομα, ὑὸν δὲ Διονυσίου, χάριν τῆς τε δὴ νῦν βοηθείας καὶ ὁσίου τρόπου· ὃς γενόμενος τυράννου πατρὸς ἑκὼν τὴν πόλιν ἐλευθεροῖ, τιμὴν αὑτῷ καὶ γένει ἀείζωον ἀντὶ τυραννίδος ἐφημέρου καὶ ἀδίκου κτώμενος. τρίτον δὲ προκαλεῖσθαι χρὴ βασιλέα γίγνεσθαι Συρακουσῶν, ἑκόντα ἑκούσης τῆς πόλεως, τὸν νῦν τοῦ τῶν πολεμίων ἄρχοντα στρατοπέδου, Διονύσιον τὸν Διονυσίου, ἐὰν ἐθέλῃ ἑκὼν εἰς βασιλέως σχῆμα ἀπαλλάττεσθαι, δεδιὼς μὲν τὰς τύχας, ἐλεῶν δὲ πατρίδα καὶ ἱερῶν ἀθεραπευσίαν καὶ τάφους, μὴ διὰ φιλονικίαν πάντως πάντα ἀπολέσῃ βαρβάροις ἐπίχαρτος γενόμενος. τρεῖς δʼ ὄντας βασιλέας, εἴτʼ οὖν τὴν Λακωνικὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῖς δόντες εἴτε ἀφελόντες καὶ συνομολογησάμενοι, καταστήσασθε τρόπῳ τινὶ τοιῷδε, ὃς εἴρηται μὲν καὶ πρότερον ὑμῖν, ὅμως δʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἀκούετε. ἐὰν ἐθέλῃ τὸ γένος ὑμῖν τὸ Διονυσίου τε καὶ Ἱππαρίνου ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ Σικελίας παύσασθαι τῶν νῦν παρόντων κακῶν, τιμὰς αὑτοῖς καὶ γένει λαβόντες εἴς τε τὸν ἔπειτα καὶ τὸν νῦν χρόνον, ἐπὶ τούτοις καλεῖτε, ὥσπερ καὶ πρότερον ἐρρήθη, πρέσβεις οὓς ἂν ἐθελήσωσιν κυρίους ποιησάμενοι τῶν διαλλαγῶν - εἴτε τινὰς αὐτόθεν εἴτε ἔξωθεν εἴτε ἀμφότερα - καὶ ὁπόσους ἂν συγχωρήσωσιν· τούτους δʼ ἐλθόντας νόμους μὲν πρῶτον θεῖναι καὶ πολιτείαν τοιαύτην, ἐν ᾗ βασιλέας ἁρμόττει γίγνεσθαι κυρίους ἱερῶν τε καὶ ὅσων ἄλλων πρέπει τοῖς γενομένοις ποτὲ εὐεργέταις, πολέμου δὲ καὶ εἰρήνης ἄρχοντας νομοφύλακας ποιήσασθαι ἀριθμὸν τριάκοντα καὶ πέντε μετά τε δήμου καὶ βουλῆς. δικαστήρια δὲ ἄλλα μὲν ἄλλων, θανάτου δὲ καὶ φυγῆς τούς τε πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα ὑπάρχειν· πρὸς τούτοις τε ἐκλεκτοὺς γίγνεσθαι δικαστὰς ἐκ τῶν νῦν ἀεὶ περυσινῶν ἀρχόντων, ἕνα ἀφʼ ἑκάστης τῆς ἀρχῆς τὸν ἄριστον δόξαντʼ εἶναι καὶ δικαιότατον· τούτους δὲ τὸν ἐπιόντα ἐνιαυτὸν δικάζειν ὅσα θανάτου καὶ δεσμοῦ καὶ μεταστάσεως τῶν πολιτῶν·
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-epistles-en
On these conditions set up kings for all of you, by the help of the gods and with honest and sound intent, - my own son first in return for twofold favors, namely that conferred by me and that conferred by my father; for he delivered the city from barbarians in his own day, while I, in the present day, have twice delivered it from tyrants, whereof you yourselves are witnesses. And as your second king create the man who possesses the same name as my father and is son to Dionysius, in return for his present assistance and for his pious disposition; for he, though he is sprung from a tyrant’s loins, is in act of delivering the city of his own free will, gaining thereby for himself and for his race everlasting honor in place of a transitory and unrighteous tyranny. And, thirdly, you ought to invite to become king of Syracuse - as willing king of a willing city - him who is now commander of your enemies’ army, Dionysius, son of Dionysius, if so be that he is willing of his own accord to transform himself into a king, being moved thereto by fear of fortune’s changes, and by pity for his country and the untended state of her temples and her tombs, lest because of his ambition he utterly ruin all and become a cause of rejoicing to the barbarians. And these three, - whether you grant them the power of the Laconian kings or curtail that power by a common agreement, - you should establish as kings in some such manner as the following, which indeed has been described to you before, yet listen to it now again. If you find that the family of Dionysius and Hipparinus is willing to make an end of the evils now occurring in order to secure the salvation of Sicily provided that they receive honors both in the present and for the future for themselves and for their family, then on these terms, as was said before, convoke envoys empowered to negotiate a pact, such men as they may choose, whether they come from Sicily or from abroad or both, and in such numbers as may be mutually agreed. And these men, on their arrival, should first lay down laws and a constitution which is so framed as to permit the kings to be put in control of the temples and of all else that fitly belongs to those who once were benefactors. And as controllers of war and peace they should appoint Law-wardens, thirty-five in number, in conjunction with the People and the Council. And there should be various courts of law for various suits, but in matters involving death or exile the Thirty-five should form the court; and in addition to these there should be judges selected from the magistrates of each preceding year, one from each magistracy - the one, that is, who is approved as the most good and just; and these should decide for the ensuing year all cases which involve the death, imprisonment or transportation of citizens;
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-epistles-fr-01
[356a] Barbares, et moi, je l’ai deux fois sauvé de la tyrannie ; j’en appelle à vos propres souvenirs. Ensuite, choisissez un homme qui porte le même nom que mon père, le fils de Denys, à cause des services qu’il vous a rendus et de la sagesse de sa conduite. Né d’un tyran, il a volontairement donne la liberté à sa patrie et a mérité pour lui et les siens une gloire immortelle au lieu d’un pouvoir éphémère et injuste. Enfin, vous devez appeler comme troisième roi de Syracuse, de son aveu et de celui du peuple, le chef actuel [356b] de l’armée ennemie, Denys, fils de Denys, s’il consent à se contenter de la royauté par crainte des revers de la fortune, par pitié pour sa patrie, pour les autels abandonnés et pour les tombeaux de ses pères, afin que nos discordes ne comblent pas de joie les Barbares en causant la ruine de notre pays. Soit que vous accordiez à ces trois rois une autorité égale à celle des rois de Lacédémone, soit que vous préfériez la diminuer, il faut les élire d’un commun accord, [356c] comme je vous l’ai déjà dit, et comme je crois devoir vous le répéter encore. Si les familles de Denys et d’Hipparinos, pour sauver la Sicile et mettre fin aux malheurs qui la désolent, acceptent la dignité royale pour le temps présent et pour l’avenir, il faut la leur décerner aux conditions dont nous avons déjà parlé, et nommer, pour achever la paix, les députés qu’ils voudront, soit parmi les étrangers, soit parmi les habitants, soit également parmi les uns et parmi les autres, en tel nombre qu’ils le jugeront convenable. Ces députés assemblés [356d] commenceront par rédiger des lois et établir un gouvernement dans lequel il conviendra que les rois président aux choses sacrées et à toutes celles dont l’État doit confier la direction à ses anciens bienfaiteurs. Ils choisiront trente-cinq gardiens des lois qui partageront le droit de paix et de guerre avec le peuple et le sénat. Les différentes sortes de délits seront justiciables de tribunaux différents ; mais la mort et l’exil ne pourront être prononcés que par les trente-cinq auxquels on adjoindra d’autres juges choisis parmi les magistrats nouvellement sortis de fonctions, en prenant dans chaque ordre [356e] le plus estimé et le plus juste ; et ce sont eux qui prononceront pendant une année les condamnations à la mort, à l’exil et à la prison. Le roi ne prendra point de part à ces jugements, parce qu’il ne doit pas profaner la dignité sacerdotale dont il est revêtu,
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Beneficence
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Care of the soul
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Constitutional government
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Death
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Dialectic
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Duty
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Ether and field
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Exile
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Faith
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Family
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Fear
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Intelligible forms
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Fortune
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Freedom
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Friendship
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God
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Judgment
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Justice
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Justice and care for the vulnerable
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Law
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Liberation
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Messiah
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Peace
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Philosophical eros
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Salvation
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Service
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Time
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War and peace
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Wisdom
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Worship
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