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Plato
Laches Passage 185
Passage 8 of 24
Canonical reference 185
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-laches-grc
ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν καὶ νῦν χρὴ πρῶτον αὐτὸ τοῦτο σκέψασθαι, εἰ ἔστιν τις ἡμῶν τεχνικὸς περὶ οὗ βουλευόμεθα ἢ οὔ· καὶ εἰ μὲν ἔστιν, ἐκείνῳ πείθεσθαι ἑνὶ ὄντι, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους ἐᾶν, εἰ δὲ μή, ἄλλον τινὰ ζητεῖν. ἢ περὶ σμικροῦ οἴεσθε νυνὶ κινδυνεύειν καὶ σὺ καὶ Λυσίμαχος ἀλλʼ οὐ περὶ τούτου τοῦ κτήματος ὃ τῶν ὑμετέρων μέγιστον ὂν τυγχάνει; ὑέων γάρ που ἢ χρηστῶν ἢ τἀναντία γενομένων καὶ πᾶς ὁ οἶκος ὁ τοῦ πατρὸς οὕτως οἰκήσεται, ὁποῖοι ἄν τινες οἱ παῖδες γένωνται. ΜΕ. ἀληθῆ λέγεις. ΣΩ. πολλὴν ἄρα δεῖ προμηθίαν αὐτοῦ ἔχειν. ΜΕ. πάνυ γε. ΣΩ. πῶς οὖν, ὃ ἐγὼ ἄρτι ἔλεγον, ἐσκοποῦμεν ἄν, εἰ ἐβουλόμεθα σκέψασθαι τίς ἡμῶν περὶ ἀγωνίαν τεχνικώτατος; ἆρʼ οὐχ ὁ μαθὼν καὶ ἐπιτηδεύσας, ᾧ καὶ διδάσκαλοι ἀγαθοὶ γεγονότες ἦσαν αὐτοῦ τούτου; ΜΕ. ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ. ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν ἔτι πρότερον, τίνος ὄντος τούτου οὗ ζητοῦμεν τοὺς διδασκάλους; ΜΕ. πῶς λέγεις; ΣΩ. ὧδε ἴσως μᾶλλον κατάδηλον ἔσται. οὔ μοι δοκεῖ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἡμῖν ὡμολογῆσθαι τί ποτʼ ἔστιν περὶ οὗ βουλευόμεθα καὶ σκεπτόμεθα , ὅστις ἡμῶν τεχνικὸς καὶ τούτου ἕνεκα διδασκάλους ἐκτήσατο, καὶ ὅστις μή. ΝΙ. οὐ γάρ, ὦ Σώκρατες, περὶ τοῦ ἐν ὅπλοις μάχεσθαι σκοποῦμεν, εἴτε χρὴ αὐτὸ τοὺς νεανίσκους μανθάνειν εἴτε μή; ΣΩ. πάνυ μὲν οὖν, ὦ Νικία. ἀλλʼ ὅταν περὶ φαρμάκου τίς του πρὸς ὀφθαλμοὺς σκοπῆται, εἴτε χρὴ αὐτὸ ὑπαλείφεσθαι εἴτε μή, πότερον οἴει τότε εἶναι τὴν βουλὴν περὶ τοῦ φαρμάκου ἢ περὶ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν; ΝΙ. περὶ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν. ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν καὶ ὅταν ἵππῳ χαλινὸν σκοπῆταί τις εἰ προσοιστέον ἢ μή, καὶ ὁπότε, τότε που περὶ τοῦ ἵππου βουλεύεται ἀλλʼ οὐ περὶ τοῦ χαλινοῦ; ΝΙ. ἀληθῆ. ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν ἑνὶ λόγῳ, ὅταν τίς τι ἕνεκά του σκοπῇ, περὶ ἐκείνου ἡ βουλὴ τυγχάνει οὖσα οὗ ἕνεκα ἐσκόπει, ἀλλʼ οὐ περὶ τοῦ ὃ ἕνεκα ἄλλου ἐζήτει. ΝΙ. ἀνάγκη. ΣΩ. δεῖ ἄρα καὶ τὸν σύμβουλον σκοπεῖν ἆρα τεχνικός ἐστιν εἰς ἐκείνου θεραπείαν, οὗ ἕνεκα σκοπούμενοι σκοποῦμεν. ΝΙ. πάνυ γε. ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν νῦν φαμεν περὶ μαθήματος σκοπεῖν τῆς ψυχῆς ἕνεκα τῆς τῶν νεανίσκων; ΝΙ. ναί. ΣΩ. εἴ τις ἄρα ἡμῶν τεχνικὸς περὶ ψυχῆς θεραπείαν καὶ οἷός τε καλῶς τοῦτο θεραπεῦσαι, καὶ ὅτῳ διδάσκαλοι ἀγαθοὶ γεγόνασιν, τοῦτο σκεπτέον. ΛΑ. τί δέ, ὦ Σώκρατες; οὔπω ἑώρακας ἄνευ διδασκάλων τεχνικωτέρους γεγονότας εἰς ἔνια ἢ μετὰ διδασκάλων; ΣΩ. ἔγωγε, ὦ Λάχης· οἷς γε σὺ οὐκ ἂν ἐθέλοις πιστεῦσαι, εἰ φαῖεν ἀγαθοὶ εἶναι δημιουργοί, εἰ μή τί σοι τῆς αὑτῶν τέχνης ἔργον ἔχοιεν ἐπιδεῖξαι εὖ εἰργασμένον, καὶ ἓν καὶ πλείω.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-laches-en
Soc. Then in this case also we must first consider, in particular, whether anyone among us has expert skill in the subject of our consultation, or not; and if here is one who has, we must be guided by him, though he be but one, and pass over the rest; while if there is not, we must look for somebody else. Or do you think it a slight matter that you and Lysimachus have now at stake, and not that which is really your greatest possession? For I take it that according as the sons turn out well or the opposite will the whole life of their father’s house be affected, depending for better or worse on their character. Mel. Truly spoken. Soc. So it demands much forethought from us. Mel. Certainly. Soc. How then - to take the case I suggested just now - should we set to work if we wanted to consider which of us was the most expert in regard to a contest? Should we not pick him who had learnt and practised, and had also had good teachers of this particular skill? Mel. I think so. Soc. And even before that, we should ask what was this skill of which we are looking for the teachers? Mel. How do you mean? Soc. Perhaps it will be more easily grasped in this form. I think we have not started with an agreement between us as to what the thing is about which we are consulting, in this question of who among us is an expert and to this end has resorted to teachers, and who not. Nic. Why, Socrates, is it not fighting in armor that we are considering, and whether it is a thing to be learnt by young men or not? Soc. Of course, Nicias; but when someone considers whether a medicine is to be used as an eyesalve or not, do you think that this consultation is about the medicine or about the eyes? Nic. About the eyes. Soc. And when one considers whether a horse is to be bridled or not, and at what time, I presume one takes counsel about the horse, and not about the bridle? Nic. True. Soc. And in a word, when one considers a thing for any purpose, the consulting is in fact about the end one had in view to start with, and not about the means to be used for such end. Nic. Necessarily. Soc. So we must consider our adviser too, and ask ourselves whether he is a skilled expert in the treatment required for the end which is the subject of our consideration. Nic. Certainly. Soc. And we say that our present subject is an accomplishment studied for the sake of young men’s souls? Nic. Yes. Soc. So what we have to consider is whether one of us is skilled in treatment of the soul, and is able to treat it rightly, and which of us has had good teachers. Lach. But I say, Socrates, have you never noticed how some people have become more skilled in certain things without teachers than others with them? Soc. Yes, I have, Laches; people, that is, whom you would not care to trust on their mere statement that they were good practitioners, unless they could put forward some example of their personal skill - some work well carried out - not in one only, but several cases.
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-laches-fr-01
[185a] si quelqu’un de nous est expert dans la chose dont il s’agit, ou s’il ne l’est pas : s’il y en a un qui le soit, il faut s’en rapporter à lui, fût-il seul de son avis, et laisser là les autres ; et s’il n’y en a point, il faut en chercher ailleurs ; car, Mélésias, et toi, Lysimaque, pensez-vous qu’il s’agisse ici d’une chose peu importante, et non du plus précieux de tous vos biens ? C’est de l’éducation que dépend tout le bonheur des familles ; elles prospèrent, selon que les enfans sont bien ou mal élevés. MÉLÉSIAS. Il est vrai. SOCRATE. On ne saurait donc apporter ici trop de prudence. MÉLÉSIAS. Assurément. [185b] SOCRATE. Comment ferons-nous donc pour reconnaître lequel de nous quatre est le plus habile dans ce qui regarde les exercices ? Ne sera-ce pas celui qui les aura appris, qui s’y sera exercé, et qui aura eu les meilleurs maîtres ? MÉLÉSIAS. Il me le semble. SOCRATE. Et avant cela, ne chercherons-nous pas à savoir ce que ces maîtres auront eu à lui enseigner ? MÉLÉSIAS. Que veux-tu dire ? SOCRATE. Je vais mieux m’expliquer peut-être : il me semble que nous ne sommes pas convenus d’abord positivement de la chose sur laquelle nous délibérons, et sur laquelle nous cherchons lequel de nous est le plus habile [185c] ou a eu les meilleurs maîtres. NICIAS. Quoi ! Socrate, ne s’agit-il pas de l’exercice des armes ; s’il faut ou non le faire apprendre aux jeunes gens ? SOCRATE. Certainement, Nicias ; mais celui qui examine s’il convient d’appliquer un remède sur les yeux, crois-tu que l’objet de son examen soit le remède ou les yeux ? NICIAS. Ce sont les yeux. [185d] SOCRATE. Et quand on examine si l’on doit ou non mettre un mors à un cheval, ne s’agit-il pas du cheval plutôt que du mors ? NICIAS. Sans doute. SOCRATE. En un mot, toutes les fois qu’on délibère sur une chose par occasion et à cause de son rapport avec une autre, la délibération tombe sur cette dernière, et non pas sur celle qui s’y rapporte accidentellement. NICIAS. Il est vrai. SOCRATE. Il faut donc bien examiner si celui qui nous conseille est habile dans la chose pour laquelle nous le consultons. NICIAS. Cela est certain. [185e] SOCRATE. Et maintenant, nous pouvons dire qu’en délibérant sur l’art que nous devons faire apprendre à ces jeunes gens, c’est à leur âme que se rapporte notre délibération. NICIAS. Oui. SOCRATE. Alors, il faut chercher parmi nous celui qui est habile et expérimenté dans la conduite d’une âme, et qui a eu pour cela d’excellens maîtres. LACHÈS. Comment, Socrate ! n’as-tu jamais vu des gens qui, sans aucun maître, sont devenus plus habiles en bien des choses, que d’autres avec tous les maîtres ? SOCRATE. Oui, Lachès, j’en ai vu ; mais ceux-là auraient beau prétendre qu’ils sont très habiles, jamais tu n’aurais confiance en eux à moins qu’ils ne t’eussent fait voir auparavant, non pas un,
Concepts in this passage
Affects
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Care of the soul
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Courage
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Death
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Dialectic
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Education
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Elenchus
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Ether and field
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Faith
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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Justice
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Knowledge
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Liberation
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Messiah
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Philosophical eros
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Philosophical training
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Time
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War and peace
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