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Plato
Socrates in Plato’s Symposium Passage 203
Passage 32 of 52
Canonical reference 203
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-symposium-grc
διὰ τούτου καὶ ἡ μαντικὴ πᾶσα χωρεῖ καὶ ἡ τῶν ἱερέων τέχνη τῶν τε περὶ τὰς θυσίας καὶ τελετὰς καὶ τὰς ἐπῳδὰς καὶ τὴν μαντείαν πᾶσαν καὶ γοητείαν. θεὸς δὲ ἀνθρώπῳ οὐ μείγνυται, ἀλλὰ διὰ τούτου πᾶσά ἐστιν ἡ ὁμιλία καὶ ἡ διάλεκτος θεοῖς πρὸς ἀνθρώπους, καὶ ἐγρηγορόσι καὶ καθεύδουσι· καὶ ὁ μὲν περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα σοφὸς δαιμόνιος ἀνήρ, ὁ δὲ ἄλλο τι σοφὸς ὢν ἢ περὶ τέχνας ἢ χειρουργίας τινὰς βάναυσος. οὗτοι δὴ οἱ δαίμονες πολλοὶ καὶ παντοδαποί εἰσιν, εἷς δὲ τούτων ἐστὶ καὶ ὁ Ἔρως. πατρὸς δέ, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, τίνος ἐστὶ καὶ μητρός; μακρότερον μέν, ἔφη, διηγήσασθαι· ὅμως δέ σοι ἐρῶ. ὅτε γὰρ ἐγένετο ἡ Ἀφροδίτη, ἡστιῶντο οἱ θεοὶ οἵ τε ἄλλοι καὶ ὁ τῆς Μήτιδος ὑὸς Πόρος. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐδείπνησαν, προσαιτήσουσα οἷον δὴ εὐωχίας οὔσης ἀφίκετο ἡ Πενία, καὶ ἦν περὶ τὰς θύρας. ὁ οὖν Πόρος μεθυσθεὶς τοῦ νέκταρος - οἶνος γὰρ οὔπω ἦν - εἰς τὸν τοῦ Διὸς κῆπον εἰσελθὼν βεβαρημένος ηὗδεν. ἡ οὖν Πενία ἐπιβουλεύουσα διὰ τὴν αὑτῆς ἀπορίαν παιδίον ποιήσασθαι ἐκ τοῦ Πόρου, κατακλίνεταί τε παρʼ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐκύησε τὸν ἔρωτα. διὸ δὴ καὶ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης ἀκόλουθος καὶ θεράπων γέγονεν ὁ Ἔρως, γεννηθεὶς ἐν τοῖς ἐκείνης γενεθλίοις, καὶ ἅμα φύσει ἐραστὴς ὢν περὶ τὸ καλὸν καὶ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης καλῆς οὔσης. ἅτε οὖν Πόρου καὶ Πενίας ὑὸς ὢν ὁ Ἔρως ἐν τοιαύτῃ τύχῃ καθέστηκεν. πρῶτον μὲν πένης ἀεί ἐστι, καὶ πολλοῦ δεῖ ἁπαλός τε καὶ καλός, οἷον οἱ πολλοὶ οἴονται, ἀλλὰ σκληρὸς καὶ αὐχμηρὸς καὶ ἀνυπόδητος καὶ ἄοικος, χαμαιπετὴς ἀεὶ ὢν καὶ ἄστρωτος, ἐπὶ θύραις καὶ ἐν ὁδοῖς ὑπαίθριος κοιμώμενος, τὴν τῆς μητρὸς φύσιν ἔχων, ἀεὶ ἐνδείᾳ σύνοικος. κατὰ δὲ αὖ τὸν πατέρα ἐπίβουλός ἐστι τοῖς καλοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς, ἀνδρεῖος ὢν καὶ ἴτης καὶ σύντονος, θηρευτὴς δεινός, ἀεί τινας πλέκων μηχανάς, καὶ φρονήσεως ἐπιθυμητὴς καὶ πόριμος, φιλοσοφῶν διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου, δεινὸς γόης καὶ φαρμακεὺς καὶ σοφιστής· καὶ οὔτε ὡς ἀθάνατος πέφυκεν οὔτε ὡς θνητός, ἀλλὰ τοτὲ μὲν τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρας θάλλει τε καὶ ζῇ, ὅταν εὐπορήσῃ, τοτὲ δὲ ἀποθνῄσκει, πάλιν δὲ ἀναβιώσκεται διὰ τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς φύσιν, τὸ δὲ ποριζόμενον ἀεὶ ὑπεκρεῖ, ὥστε οὔτε ἀπορεῖ Ἔρως ποτὲ οὔτε πλουτεῖ, σοφίας τε αὖ καὶ ἀμαθίας ἐν μέσῳ ἐστίν.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-symposium-en
Through it are conveyed all divination and priestcraft concerning sacrifice and ritual and incantations, and all soothsaying and sorcery. God with man does not mingle: but the spiritual is the means of all society and converse of men with gods and of gods with men, whether waking or asleep. Whosoever has skill in these affairs is a spiritual man to have it in other matters, as in common arts and crafts, is for the mechanical. Many and multifarious are these spirits, and one of them is Love. From what father and mother sprung? I asked. That is rather a long story, she replied; but still, I will tell it you. When Aphrodite was born, the gods made a great feast, and among the company was Resource the son of Cunning. And when they had banqueted there came Poverty abegging, as well she might in an hour of good cheer, and hung about the door. Now Resource, grown tipsy with nectar - for wine as yet there was none - went into the garden of Zeus, and there, overcome with heaviness, slept. Then Poverty, being of herself so resourceless, devised the scheme of having a child by Resource, and lying down by his side she conceived Love. Hence it is that Love from the beginning has been attendant and minister to Aphrodite, since he was begotten on the day of her birth, and is, moreover, by nature a lover bent on beauty since Aphrodite is beautiful. Now, as the son of Resource and Poverty, Love is in a peculiar case. First, he is ever poor, and far from tender or beautiful as most suppose him: rather is he hard and parched, shoeless and homeless; on the bare ground always he lies with no bedding, and takes his rest on doorsteps and waysides in the open air; true to his mother’s nature, he ever dwells with want. But he takes after his father in scheming for all that is beautiful and good; for he is brave, strenuous and high-strung, a famous hunter, always weaving some stratagem; desirous and competent of wisdom, throughout life ensuing the truth; a master of jugglery, witchcraft, >and artful speech. By birth neither immortal nor mortal, in the selfsame day he is flourishing and alive at the hour when he is abounding in resource; at another he is dying, and then reviving again by force of his father’s nature: yet the resources that he gets will ever be ebbing away; so that Love is at no time either resourceless or wealthy, and furthermore, he stands midway betwixt wisdom and ignorance.
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-symposium-fr-02
[203a] aux enchantements, aux prophéties et à la magie. Dieu ne se manifeste point immédiatement à l’homme, et c’est par l’intermédiaire des démons que les dieux commercent avec les hommes et leur parlent, soit pendant la veille soit pendant le sommeil. Celui qui est savant dans toutes ces choses est un homme démoniaque ou inspiré ; et celui qui excelle dans le reste, dans les arts et métiers, est appelé manœuvre. Les démons sont en grand nombre, et de plusieurs sortes ; et l’Amour est l’un d’eux. - De quels parents tire-t-il sa naissance ? dis-je à Diotime. - Le récit en est un peu long, reprit-elle, mais je vais toujours te le faire. « À la naissance de Vénus, il y eut chez les dieux un festin où se trouvait, entre autres, Poros, fils de Métis. Après le repas, comme il y avait eu grande chère, Penia s’en vint demander quelque chose, et se tint auprès de la porte. En ce moment, Poros, enivré de nectar (car il n’y avait pas encore de vin), se retira dans le jardin de Jupiter, et là, ayant la tête pesante, il s’endormit. Alors Penia, s’avisant qu’elle ferait bien dans sa détresse d’avoir un enfant de Poros, [203c] s’alla coucher auprès de lui, et devint mère de l’Amour. Voilà d’abord comment, ayant été conçu le jour même de la naissance de Vénus, l’Amour devint son compagnon et son serviteur, outre que de sa nature il aime la beauté, et que Vénus est belle. Maintenant, comme fils de Poros et de Penia, voici quel fut son partage. D’un côté, il est toujours pauvre, et non pas délicat et beau comme la plupart des gens se l’imaginent, mais maigre, [203d] défait, sans chaussure, sans domicile, point d’autre lit que la terre, point de couverture, couchant à la belle étoile auprès des portes et dans les rues, enfin, en digne fils de sa mère, toujours misérable. D’un autre côté, suivant le naturel de son père, il est toujours à la piste de ce qui est beau et bon ; il est mâle, entreprenant, robuste, chasseur habile, sans cesse combinant quelque artifice, jaloux de savoir et mettant tout en œuvre pour y parvenir, passant toute sa vie à philosopher, enchanteur, magicien, sophiste. Sa nature n’est [203e] ni d’un immortel, ni d’un mortel : mais tour à tour dans la même journée il est florissant, plein de vie, tant que tout abonde chez lui ; puis il s’en va mourant, puis il revit encore, grâce à ce qu’il tient de son père. Tout ce qu’il acquiert lui échappe sans cesse : de sorte que l’Amour n’est jamais ni absolument opulent ni absolument misérable ; de même qu’entre la sagesse et l’ignorance
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Aporia
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Care of the soul
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Courage
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Death
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Desire
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Dialectic
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Education
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Elenchus
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Ether and field
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Family
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Fortune
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Friendship
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God
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Human wisdom
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Knowledge
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Love
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Messiah
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Nature
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Philosophical eros
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Poverty and wealth
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Prophecy
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Roles and relationships
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Service
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Sin
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Spirit
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Time
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Truth
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Virtue
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Wisdom
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Worship
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