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Plato
Republic Passage 489
Passage 152 of 278
Canonical reference 489
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-republic-grc
τοιούτων δὴ περὶ τὰς ναῦς γιγνομένων τὸν ὡς ἀληθῶς κυβερνητικὸν οὐχ ἡγῇ ἂν τῷ ὄντι μετεωροσκόπον τε καὶ ἀδολέσχην καὶ ἄχρηστόν σφισι καλεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν ταῖς οὕτω κατεσκευασμέναις ναυσὶ πλωτήρων; καὶ μάλα, ἔφη ὁ Ἀδείμαντος. οὐ δή, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, οἶμαι δεῖσθαί σε ἐξεταζομένην τὴν εἰκόνα ἰδεῖν, ὅτι ταῖς πόλεσι πρὸς τοὺς ἀληθινοὺς φιλοσόφους τὴν διάθεσιν ἔοικεν, ἀλλὰ μανθάνειν ὃ λέγω. καὶ μάλʼ, ἔφη. πρῶτον μὲν τοίνυν ἐκεῖνον τὸν θαυμάζοντα ὅτι οἱ φιλόσοφοι οὐ τιμῶνται ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι δίδασκέ τε τὴν εἰκόνα καὶ πειρῶ πείθειν ὅτι πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν εἰ ἐτιμῶντο. ἀλλὰ διδάξω, ἔφη. καὶ ὅτι τοίνυν τἀληθῆ λέγεις, ὡς ἄχρηστοι τοῖς πολλοῖς οἱ ἐπιεικέστατοι τῶν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ· τῆς μέντοι ἀχρηστίας τοὺς μὴ χρωμένους κέλευε αἰτιᾶσθαι, ἀλλὰ μὴ τοὺς ἐπιεικεῖς. οὐ γὰρ ἔχει φύσιν κυβερνήτην ναυτῶν δεῖσθαι ἄρχεσθαι ὑφʼ αὑτοῦ οὐδὲ τοὺς σοφοὺς ἐπὶ τὰς τῶν πλουσίων θύρας ἰέναι, ἀλλʼ ὁ τοῦτο κομψευσάμενος ἐψεύσατο, τὸ δὲ ἀληθὲς πέφυκεν, ἐάντε πλούσιος ἐάντε πένης κάμνῃ, ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι ἐπὶ ἰατρῶν θύρας ἰέναι καὶ πάντα τὸν ἄρχεσθαι δεόμενον ἐπὶ τὰς τοῦ ἄρχειν δυναμένου, οὐ τὸν ἄρχοντα δεῖσθαι τῶν ἀρχομένων ἄρχεσθαι, οὗ ἂν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ τι ὄφελος ᾖ. ἀλλὰ τοὺς νῦν πολιτικοὺς ἄρχοντας ἀπεικάζων οἷς ἄρτι ἐλέγομεν ναύταις οὐχ ἁμαρτήσῃ, καὶ τοὺς ὑπὸ τούτων ἀχρήστους λεγομένους καὶ μετεωρολέσχας τοῖς ὡς ἀληθῶς κυβερνήταις. ὀρθότατα, ἔφη. ἔκ τε τοίνυν τούτων καὶ ἐν τούτοις οὐ ῥᾴδιον εὐδοκιμεῖν τὸ βέλτιστον ἐπιτήδευμα ὑπὸ τῶν τἀναντία ἐπιτηδευόντων· πολὺ δὲ μεγίστη καὶ ἰσχυροτάτη διαβολὴ γίγνεται φιλοσοφίᾳ διὰ τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα φάσκοντας ἐπιτηδεύειν, οὓς δὴ σὺ φῂς τὸν ἐγκαλοῦντα τῇ φιλοσοφίᾳ λέγειν ὡς παμπόνηροι οἱ πλεῖστοι τῶν ἰόντων ἐπʼ αὐτήν, οἱ δὲ ἐπιεικέστατοι ἄχρηστοι, καὶ ἐγὼ συνεχώρησα ἀληθῆ σε λέγειν. ἦ γάρ; ναί. οὐκοῦν τῆς μὲν τῶν ἐπιεικῶν ἀχρηστίας τὴν αἰτίαν διεληλύθαμεν; καὶ μάλα. τῆς δὲ τῶν πολλῶν πονηρίας τὴν ἀνάγκην βούλει τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο διέλθωμεν, καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲ τούτου φιλοσοφία αἰτία, ἂν δυνώμεθα, πειραθῶμεν δεῖξαι; πάνυ μὲν οὖν.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-republic-en
With such goings-on aboard ship do you not think that the real pilot would in very deed be called a star-gazer, an idle babbler, a useless fellow, by the sailors in ships managed after this fashion? Quite so, said Adeimantus. You take my meaning, I presume, and do not require us to put the comparison to the proof and show that the condition we have described is the exact counterpart of the relation of the state to the true philosophers. It is indeed, he said. To begin with, then, teach this parable to the man who is surprised that philosophers are not honored in our cities, and try to convince him that it would be far more surprising if they were honored. I will teach him, he said. And say to him further: You are right in affirming that the finest spirit among the philosophers are of no service to the multitude. But bid him blame for this uselessness, not the finer spirits, but those who do not know how to make use of them. For it is not the natural course of things that the pilot should beg the sailors to be ruled by him or that wise men should go to the doors of the rich. The author of that epigram was a liar. But the true nature of things is that whether the sick man be rich or poor he must needs go to the door of the physician, and everyone who needs to be governed to the door of the man who knows how to govern, not that the ruler should implore his natural subjects to let themselves be ruled, if he is really good for anything. But you will make no mistake in likening our present political rulers to the sort of sailors we are just describing, and those whom these call useless and star-gazing ideologists to the true pilots. Just so, he said. Hence, and under these conditions, we cannot expect that the noblest pursuit should be highly esteemed by those whose way of life is quite the contrary. But far the greatest and chief disparagement of philosophy is brought upon it by the pretenders to that way of life, those whom you had in mind when you affirmed that the accuser of philosophy says that the majority of her followers are rascals and the better sort useless, while I admitted that what you said was true. Is not that so? Yes. Have we not, then, explained the cause of the uselessness of the better sort? We have. Shall we next set forth the inevitableness of the degeneracy of the majority, and try to show if we can that philosophy is not to be blamed for this either? By all means.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Avec de tels agissements à bord, ne crois-tu pas que le véritable pilote serait effectivement appelé par les matelots, sur des navires ainsi gouvernés, scrutateur d’étoiles, bavard oisif et propre à rien ? Tout à fait, dit Adimante. Tu saisis, je présume, le sens de ma comparaison, et tu n’as pas besoin que nous la mettions à l’épreuve pour montrer que la situation décrite reproduit exactement le rapport de la cité aux véritables philosophes. Je le saisis bien, dit-il. Commence donc par enseigner cette parabole à l’homme qui s’étonne que les philosophes ne soient pas honorés dans nos cités, et tâche de le convaincre qu’il serait bien plus étonnant qu’ils le fussent. Je la lui enseignerai, dit-il. Dis-lui encore : Tu as raison d’affirmer que les meilleurs esprits parmi les philosophes ne rendent aucun service à la multitude. Mais invite-le à blâmer de cette inutilité non les meilleurs esprits, mais ceux qui ne savent pas les employer. Car il n’est pas naturel que le pilote supplie les matelots de se laisser gouverner par lui, ni que les sages se rendent aux portes des riches. L’auteur de cette épigramme mentait. La véritable nature des choses veut que le malade, riche ou pauvre, se rende à la porte du médecin et que quiconque a besoin d’être gouverné se rende à celle de l’homme qui sait gouverner. Ce n’est pas au dirigeant d’implorer ceux qu’il est naturellement fait pour gouverner de se laisser diriger, s’il vaut réellement quelque chose. Mais tu ne te tromperas pas en comparant nos dirigeants politiques actuels aux matelots que nous venons de décrire, et ceux que ces derniers traitent d’inutiles rêveurs scrutant les étoiles aux véritables pilotes. Exactement, dit-il. Dès lors, et dans ces conditions, nous ne pouvons espérer que l’occupation la plus noble soit tenue en haute estime par ceux dont le mode de vie lui est tout opposé. Mais le discrédit le plus grand et le plus grave est jeté sur la philosophie par ceux qui prétendent pratiquer ce genre de vie, ceux auxquels tu pensais lorsque tu disais que l’accusateur de la philosophie affirme que la majorité de ses adeptes sont des vauriens et que les meilleurs sont inutiles, tandis que j’admettais la vérité de tes paroles. N’est-ce pas ainsi ? Oui. N’avons-nous donc pas expliqué la cause de l’inutilité des meilleurs ? Nous l’avons fait. Exposerons-nous ensuite pourquoi la corruption de la majorité est inévitable, et tenterons-nous de montrer, si nous le pouvons, que la philosophie n’en est pas davantage responsable ? Assurément.
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Education
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Ether and field
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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Friendship
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Justice
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Nature
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Parable and reversal
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Philosopher ruler
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Poverty and wealth
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Roles and relationships
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Service
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Sin
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Spirit
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Tripartite soul
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Wisdom
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