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Plato
Statesman Passage 298
Passage 42 of 55
Canonical reference 298
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-statesman-grc
ΞΕ. τοιόνδε· οἷον εἰ πάντες περὶ αὐτῶν διανοηθεῖμεν ὅτι δεινότατα ὑπʼ αὐτῶν πάσχομεν. ὃν μὲν γὰρ ἂν ἐθελήσωσιν ἡμῶν τούτων ἑκάτεροι σῴζειν, ὁμοίως δὴ σῴζουσιν, ὃν δʼ ἂν λωβᾶσθαι βουληθῶσιν, λωβῶνται τέμνοντες καὶ κάοντες καὶ προστάττοντες ἀναλώματα φέρειν παρʼ ἑαυτοὺς οἷον φόρους, ὧν σμικρὰ μὲν εἰς τὸν κάμνοντα καὶ οὐδὲν ἀναλίσκουσιν, τοῖς δʼ ἄλλοις αὐτοί τε καὶ οἱ οἰκέται χρῶνται· καὶ δὴ καὶ τελευτῶντες ἢ παρὰ συγγενῶν ἢ παρά τινων ἐχθρῶν τοῦ κάμνοντος χρήματα μισθὸν λαμβάνοντες ἀποκτεινύασιν. οἵ τʼ αὖ κυβερνῆται μυρία ἕτερα τοιαῦτα ἐργάζονται, καταλείποντές τε ἔκ τινος ἐπιβουλῆς ἐν ταῖς ἀναγωγαῖς ἐρήμους, καὶ σφάλματα ποιοῦντες ἐν τοῖς πελάγεσιν ἐκβάλλουσιν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν, καὶ ἕτερα κακουργοῦσιν. εἰ δὴ ταῦτα διανοηθέντες βουλευσαίμεθα περὶ αὐτῶν βουλήν τινα, τούτων τῶν τεχνῶν μηκέτι ἐπιτρέπειν ἄρχειν αὐτοκράτορι μηδετέρᾳ μήτʼ οὖν δούλων μήτʼ ἐλευθέρων, συλλέξαι δʼ ἐκκλησίαν ἡμῶν αὐτῶν, ἢ σύμπαντα τὸν δῆμον ἢ τοὺς πλουσίους μόνον, ἐξεῖναι δὲ καὶ ἰδιωτῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων δημιουργῶν περί τε πλοῦ καὶ περὶ νόσων γνώμην ξυμβαλέσθαι καθʼ ὅτι χρὴ τοῖς φαρμάκοις ἡμᾶς καὶ τοῖς ἰατρικοῖς ὀργάνοις πρὸς τοὺς κάμνοντας χρῆσθαι, καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῖς πλοίοις τε αὐτοῖς καὶ τοῖς ναυτικοῖς ὀργάνοις εἰς τὴν τῶν πλοίων χρείαν καὶ περὶ τοὺς κινδύνους τούς τε πρὸς αὐτὸν τὸν πλοῦν ἀνέμων καὶ θαλάττης πέρι καὶ πρὸς τὰς τοῖς λῃσταῖς ἐντεύξεις, καὶ ἐὰν ναυμαχεῖν ἄρα δέῃ που μακροῖς πλοίοις πρὸς ἕτερα τοιαῦτα· τὰ δὲ τῷ πλήθει δόξαντα περὶ τούτων, εἴτε τινῶν ἰατρῶν καὶ κυβερνητῶν εἴτʼ ἄλλων ἰδιωτῶν συμβουλευόντων, γράψαντας ἐν κύρβεσί τισι καὶ στήλαις, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἄγραφα πάτρια θεμένους ἔθη, κατὰ ταῦτα ἤδη πάντα τὸν ἔπειτα χρόνον ναυτίλλεσθαι καὶ τὰς τῶν καμνόντων θεραπείας ποιεῖσθαι. ΝΕ. ΣΩ. κομιδῇ γε εἴρηκας ἄτοπα. ΞΕ. κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν δέ γε ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι τοῦ πλήθους, εἴτε ἐκ τῶν πλουσίων εἴτε ἐκ τοῦ δήμου παντός, ὃς ἂν κληρούμενος λαγχάνῃ· τοὺς δὲ καταστάντας ἄρχοντας ἄρχειν κατὰ τὰ γράμματα κυβερνῶντας τὰς ναῦς καὶ τοὺς κάμνοντας ἰωμένους. ΝΕ. ΣΩ. ταῦτʼ ἔτι χαλεπώτερα.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-statesman-en
Str. Something of this sort: Imagine that we all thought in regard to captains and physicians: We are most abominably treated by them. For whomsoever of us either of them wishes to save, he saves, one of them just like the other, and whomsoever he wishes to maltreat, he maltreats. They cut us up and burn us and order us to bring them payments of money, as if they were exacting tribute, of which they spend little or nothing for their patients; they themselves and their servants use the rest. And finally they are bribed by the patient’s relatives or enemies and actually bring about his death. And as for the captains, they commit countless other misdeeds they make plots and leave us deserted ashore when they put out to sea, they bring on mishaps at sea and so cast us into the water, and are guilty of other wrong-doings. Now suppose, with these thoughts in mind, we deliberated about them and decided that we would no longer allow either of these arts to rule without control over slaves or free men, but that we would call an assembly either of all the people or of the rich only, and that anyone, whether he were engaged in some other form of skilled labor or were without any special qualifications, should be free to offer an opinion about navigation and diseases, how drugs and surgical or medical instruments should be applied to the patients, and how ships and nautical instruments should be used for navigation and in meeting dangers, not only those of winds and sea that affect the voyage itself, but also those met in encounters with pirates, and if battles have to be fought between ships of war; and that whatever the majority decided about these matters, whether any physicians or ship captains or merely unskilled persons took part in the deliberations, should be inscribed upon tablets and slabs or in some instances should be adopted as unwritten ancestral customs, and that henceforth forever navigation and the care of the sick should be conducted in accordance with these provisions. Y. Soc. That is a most absurd state of things that you have described. Str. And suppose that rulers of the people are set up annually, whether from the rich or from the whole people, on the principle that whoever is chosen by lot should rule, and that these rulers exercise their authority in commanding the ships or treating the sick in accordance with the written rules. Y. Soc. That is still harder to imagine.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
L’Étr. Quelque chose de ce genre : imagine que nous pensions tous ceci au sujet des capitaines et des médecins. Ils nous traitent de la manière la plus abominable. Celui d’entre nous que l’un ou l’autre souhaite sauver, il le sauve, l’un exactement comme l’autre, et celui qu’il souhaite maltraiter, il le maltraite. Ils nous incisent, nous brûlent et nous ordonnent de leur apporter des paiements en argent, comme s’ils levaient un tribut dont ils dépensent peu ou rien pour leurs patients. Eux-mêmes et leurs serviteurs utilisent le reste. Enfin, ils se laissent corrompre par les parents ou les ennemis du patient et provoquent effectivement sa mort. Quant aux capitaines, ils commettent d’innombrables autres méfaits : ils complotent, nous abandonnent sur le rivage lorsqu’ils prennent la mer, provoquent des accidents en mer et nous précipitent ainsi dans l’eau, et se rendent coupables d’autres injustices. Supposons maintenant que, ces pensées à l’esprit, nous délibérions à leur sujet et décidions de ne plus permettre à aucun de ces deux arts de gouverner sans contrôle des esclaves ou des hommes libres. Nous convoquerions une assemblée, soit de tout le peuple, soit seulement des riches, et toute personne, qu’elle exerce une autre forme de travail spécialisé ou ne possède aucune compétence particulière, serait libre de donner son avis sur la navigation et les maladies, sur la manière d’appliquer aux patients les médicaments et les instruments chirurgicaux ou médicaux, ainsi que sur la façon d’utiliser les navires et les instruments nautiques pour naviguer et affronter les dangers, non seulement ceux des vents et de la mer qui touchent le voyage lui-même, mais aussi ceux qui surviennent lors de rencontres avec des pirates, et lorsqu’il faut livrer des batailles entre navires de guerre. Puis tout ce que la majorité aurait décidé sur ces questions, que des médecins, des capitaines de navire ou de simples ignorants aient participé aux délibérations, serait inscrit sur des tablettes et des stèles ou, dans certains cas, adopté comme coutume ancestrale non écrite. Dès lors et pour toujours, la navigation et le soin des malades seraient conduits conformément à ces dispositions.
Le jeune Soc. Tu as décrit un état de choses parfaitement absurde.
L’Étr. Et supposons que l’on institue chaque année des gouvernants du peuple, choisis parmi les riches ou parmi le peuple entier, selon le principe que celui que le sort désigne doit gouverner, et que ces gouvernants exercent leur autorité en commandant les navires ou en traitant les malades conformément aux règles écrites.
Le jeune Soc. C’est encore plus difficile à imaginer.
Concepts in this passage
Affects
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Dialectic
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Ether and field
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Family
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Freedom
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Steadfast patience
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Poverty and wealth
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Reason
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Salvation
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Slavery
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Time
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