Public domain
The work and displayed translations are recorded as public domain or from an open transcription.
Seneca
On Benefits Chapter 11
Chapter 61 of 228
Canonical reference 3.11
Latin
Perseus canonical Latin TEI
"Quaedam," inquit, " privilegia parentibus data sunt ; quomodo horum extra ordinem habita ratio est, sic aliorum quoque beneficorum haberi debet." Parentium condicionem sacravimus, quia expediebat liberos tolli ; sollicitandi ad hunc laborem erant incertam adituri fortunam. Non poterat illis dici, quod beneficia dantibus dicitur : " Cui des, elige ; ipse tecum, si deceptus es, querere ; dignum adiuva." In liberis tollendis nihil iudicio tollentium licet, tota res voti est. Itaque, ut aequiore animo adirent aleam, danda aliqua illis potestas fuit. Deinde alia condicio parentium est, qui beneficia, quibus dederunt, dant nihilo minus daturique sunt, nec est periculum, ne dedisse ipsos mentiantur. In ceteris quaeri debet, non tantum an receperint, sed an dederint, horum in confesso merita sunt, et, quia utile est iuventuti regi, imposuimus illi quasi domesticos magistratus, sub quorum custodia contineretur. Deinde omnium parentium unum erat beneficium, itaque aestimari semel potuit ; alia diversa sunt, dissimilia, infinitis inter se intervallis distantia; itaque sub nullam regulam cadere potuerunt, cum aequius esset omnia relinqui quam omnia aequari.
English
Aubrey Stewart · On Benefits (1887)
It may be argued, "Parents have certain privileges: these are regarded as exempt from the action of ordinary rules, and so also ought to be the case with other beneficent persons." Nay; mankind has assigned a peculiar sanctity to the position of parents, because it was advantageous that children should be reared, and people had to be tempted into undergoing the toil of doing so, because the issue of their experiment was doubtful. One cannot say to them, as one does to others who bestow benefits, "Choose the man to whom you give: you must only blame yourself if you are deceived; help the deserving." In rearing children nothing depends upon the judgment of those who rear them; it is a matter of hope: in order, therefore, that people may be more willing to embark upon this lottery, it was right that they should be given a certain authority; and since it is useful for youth to be governed, we have placed their parents in the position of domestic magistrates, under whose guardianship their lives may be ruled. Moreover, the position of parents differs from that of other benefactors, for their having given formerly to their children does not stand in the way of their giving now and hereafter; and also, there is no fear of their falsely asserting that they have given: with others one has to inquire not only whether they have received, but whether they have given; but the good deeds of parents are placed beyond doubt. In the next place, one benefit bestowed by parents is the same for all, and might be counted once for all; while the others which they bestow are of various kinds, unlike one to another, differing from one another by the widest possible intervals; they can therefore come under no regular rule, since it would be more just to leave them all unrewarded than to give the same reward to all.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
« Mais, dit-on, certaines prérogatives ont été accordées aux pères. Comme on les a traités avec une considération toute spéciale, il devrait en être ainsi des autres bienfaiteurs. » Nous avons consacré la prérogative des pères, parce qu’il était d’intérêt public qu’on élevât des enfants : il fallait être encouragé dans cette tâche pour en courir les chances incertaines. On ne pouvait leur dire, comme à tout bienfaiteur : « Choisis à qui tu voudras donner, Ne t’en prends qu’à toi, si tu es dupe. Assiste qui le méritera. « Dans l’acte qui nous déclare pères, rien n’est laissé au discernement : tout se borne à des vœux. Afin donc de mieux décider l’homme à en aborder le risque, on a dû l’investir d’une certaine autorité. D’ailleurs il y a cette différence que les pères, après avoir été les bienfaiteurs de leurs enfants, le sont encore et le seront toujours ; et il n’est pas à craindre qu’ils se vantent sans avoir rien fait. Quant aux autres personnes, il s’agit non-seulement de savoir si elles ont recouvré, mais si elles avaient donné. Les services d’un père sont incontestés ; et comme il est utile à la jeunesse d’être gouvernée, on lui a imposé, pour ainsi dire, des magistrats domestiques dont la surveillance pût la contenir. Enfin la dette contractée envers un père est partout la même : on a pu l’apprécier une fois pour toutes. Toutes les autres dettes sont diverses entre elles, dissemblables, et varient jusqu’à l’infini : elles n’ont donc pu être soumises à aucune évaluation ; il était plus juste de tout laisser là que de tout égaliser.
Concepts in this passage
Beneficence
View detailed page
Filter the library
Care of the soul
View detailed page
Filter the library
Courage
View detailed page
Filter the library
Education
View detailed page
Filter the library
Ether and field
View detailed page
Filter the library
Faith
View detailed page
Filter the library
Family
View detailed page
Filter the library
Fear
View detailed page
Filter the library
Fortune
View detailed page
Filter the library
Moral rightness and utility
View detailed page
Filter the library
Hope
View detailed page
Filter the library
Judgment
View detailed page
Filter the library
Justice
View detailed page
Filter the library
Knowledge
View detailed page
Filter the library
Philosophical eros
View detailed page
Filter the library
Reason
View detailed page
Filter the library
Roles and relationships
View detailed page
Filter the library
Service
View detailed page
Filter the library
Sin
View detailed page
Filter the library
War and peace
View detailed page
Filter the library