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Seneca
On Benefits Chapter 20
Chapter 70 of 228
Canonical reference 3.20
Latin
Perseus canonical Latin TEI
Errat, si quis existimat servitutem in totum hominem descendere. Pars melior eius excepta est. Corpora obnoxia sunt et adscripta dominis ; mens quidem sui iuris, quae adeo libera et vaga est, ut ne ab hoc quidem carcere, cui inclusa est, teneri queat, quominus impetu suo utatur et ingentia agat et in infinitum comes caelestibus exeat. Corpus itaque est, quod domino fortuna tradidit ; hoc emit, hoc vendit ; interior illa pars mancipio dari non potest. Ab hac quidquid venit, liberum est ; nec enim aut nos omnia iubere possumus aut in omnia servi parere coguntur ; contra rem publicam imperata non facient, nulli sceleri manus commodabunt.
English
Aubrey Stewart · On Benefits (1887)
It is a mistake to imagine that slavery pervades a man's whole being; the better part of him is exempt from it: the body indeed is subjected and in the power of a master, but the mind is independent, and indeed is so free and wild, that it cannot be restrained even by this prison of the body, wherein it is confined, from following its own impulses, dealing with gigantic designs, and soaring into the infinite, accompanied by all the host of heaven. It is, therefore, only the body which misfortune hands over to a master, and which he buys and sells; this inward part cannot be transferred as a chattel. Whatever comes from this, is free; indeed, we are not allowed to order all things to be done, nor are slaves compelled to obey us in all things; they will not carry out treasonable orders, or lend their hands to an act of crime.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
On se trompe, si l’on croit que la servitude s’empare de tout l’homme : la meilleure partie de son être y échappe . Son corps peut devenir le sujet et le lot d’un maître ; son âme a la royauté d’elle-même : elle est toute libre, elle a des ailes ; malgré la prison qui l’enferme, son essor que rien ne captive s’élève aux actes les plus sublimes et va, dans les champs de l’infini, s’associer aux intelligences célestes. C’est donc le corps que la Fortune livre à un maître. C’est le corps qui s’achète et se vend : mais l’intime portion de nous-mêmes, on ne la donne pas en propriété. Tout ce qui relève d’elle participe de son indépendance. Aussi le maître n’a-t-il pas droit de tout ordonner, comme l’esclave n’est pas contraint de tout faire. Ce qu’on lui commandera contre la république il ne l’exécutera point : jamais ses mains ne se prêteront au crime.
Concepts in this passage
Beneficence
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Care of the soul
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Civic duty
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Exile
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Family
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Fortune
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Freedom
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Justice
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Messiah
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Reason
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Slavery
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Time
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War and peace
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