Public domain The work and displayed translations are recorded as public domain or from an open transcription.

Seneca

On Benefits Chapter 35

Chapter 123 of 228

Canonical reference 4.35

Latin

Perseus canonical Latin TEI

Promisi beneficium, nisi si quid incidisset, quare non deberem dare. Quid enim, si, quod illi pollicitus sum, patria sibi dare iusserit ? Si lex lata erit, ne id quisquam faciat, quod ego me amico meo facturum promiseram ? Promisi tibi in matrimonium filiam ; postea peregrinus apparuisti ; non est mihi cum externo conubium ; eadem res me defendit, quae vetat. Tunc fidem fallam, tunc inconstantiae crimen audiam, si, cum eadem omnia sint, quae erant promittente me, non praestitero promissum ; alioquin, quidquid mutatur, libertatem facit de integro consulendi et me fide liberat. Promisi advocationem : postea apparuit per illam causam praeiudicium in patrem meum quaeri; promisi me peregre exiturum : sed iter infestari latrociniis nuntiatur ; in rem praesentem venturus fui : sed aeger filius, sed puerpera uxor tenet. Omnia esse debent eadem, quae fuerunt, eum promitterem, ut promittentis fidem teneas ; quae autem maior fieri mutatio potest, quam si te malum virum et ingratum comperi ? Quod tamquam digno dabam, indigno negabo et nascendi quoque causam habebo deceptus.

English

Aubrey Stewart · On Benefits (1887)

When I promise to bestow a benefit, I promise it, unless something occurs which makes it my duty not to do so. What if, for example, my country orders me to give to her what I had promised to my friend? or if a law be passed forbidding any one to do what I had promised to do for him? Suppose that I have promised you my daughter in marriage, that then you turn out to be a foreigner, and that I have no right of intermarriage with foreigners; in this case, the law, by which I am forbidden to fulfil my promise, forms my defence. I shall be treacherous, and hear myself blamed for inconsistency, only if I do not fulfil, my promise when all conditions remain the same as when I made it; otherwise, any change makes me free to reconsider the entire case, and absolves me from my promise. I may have promised to plead a cause; afterwards it appears that this cause is designed to form a precedent for an attack upon my father. I may have promised to leave my country, and travel abroad; then news comes that the road is beset with robbers. I was going to an appointment at some particular place; but my son's illness, or my wife's confinement, prevented me. All conditions must be the same as they were when I made the promise, if you mean to hold me bound in honour to fulfil it. Now what greater change can take place than that I should discover you to be a bad and ungrateful man? I shall refuse to an unworthy man that which I had intended to give him supposing him to be worthy, and I shall also have reason to be angry with him for the trick which he has put upon me.

French

Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)

J’ai promis mon bienfait, sauf le cas éventuel où je devrais ne rien donner. Car que direz-vous si ce que j’ai promis à cet homme la patrie l’exige de moi pour elle-même ; si l’on porte une loi qui défende à tous de faire ce à quoi je m’étais engagé envers mon ami ? Je t’ai promis ma fille en mariage : j’ai reconnu ensuite que tu es étranger ; je ne puis m’allier à un étranger : mon excuse est cette même loi qui me l’interdit. Je n’aurai trahi mon engagement, on ne m’accusera d’infidélité que si, toutes choses étant dans le même état qu’au moment de mon obligation, je manque à l’exécuter. Un seul point changé me laisse libre de délibérer de nouveau et me dégage de ma parole. J’ai promis de t’assister en justice, mais je viens à découvrir que par ton procès tu cherchais à nuire à mon père ; j’ai promis de partir avec toi pour l’étranger, mais on m’annonce que la route est infestée de brigands ; je devais pour toi comparaître en personne, mais la maladie de mon fils, mais les couches de ma femme me retiennent. Tout doit être dans le même état que lorsque je t’ai promis, pour que tu puisses dire que tu as ma parole. Et peut-il s’opérer changement plus complet que si je découvre en toi un méchant homme, un ingrat ? Ce que je donnais à ton mérite supposé, je le refuserai à ton démérite, et j’aurai encore droit de t’en vouloir pour m’avoir abusé.

Concepts in this passage

Before reading

What you will learn

Open the full record