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Seneca

On Clemency Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of 33

Canonical reference 1.14

Latin

Perseus canonical Latin TEI

Quod ergo officium eius est ? Quod bonorum parentium, qui obiurgare liberos non numquam blande, non numquam minaciter solent, aliquando admonere etiam verberibus. Numquid aliquis sanus filium a prima offensa exheredat ? Nisi magnae et multae iniuriae patientiam evicerunt, nisi plus est, quod timet, quam quod damnat, non accedit ad decretorium stilum; multa ante temptat, quibus dubiam indolem et peiore iam loco positam revocet ; simul deploratum est, ultima experitur. Nemo ad supplicia exigenda pervenit, nisi qui remedia con- sumpsit. Hoc, quod parenti, etiam principi faciendum est, quem appellavimus Patrem Patriae non adulatione vana adducti. Cetera enim cognomina honori data sunt ; Magnos et Felices et Angustos diximus et ambitiosae maiestati quidquid potuimus titulorum congessimus illis hoc tribuentes ; Patrem quidem Patriae appellavimus, ut sciret datam sibi potestatem patriam, quae est temperantissima liberis consulens suaque post illos reponens. Tarde sibi pater membra sua abscidat, etiam, cum absci- derit, repellere cupiat, et in abscidendo gemat cunctatus multum diuque ; prope est enim, ut libenter damnet, qui cito ; prope est, ut inique puniat, qui nimis.

English

Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)

What, then, is his duty? It is that of good parents, who sometimes scold their children goodnaturedly, sometimes threaten them, and sometimes even flog them. No man in his senses disinherits his son for his first offence: he does not pass this extreme sentence upon him unless his patience has been worn out by many grievous wrongs, unless he fears that his son will do something worse than that which he punishes him for having done; before doing this he makes many attempts to lead his son’s mind into the right way while it is still hesitating between good and evil and has only taken its first steps in depravity; it is only when its case is hopeless that he adopts this extreme measure. No one demands that people should be executed until after he has failed to reform them. This which is the duty of a parent, is also that of the prince whom with no unmeaning flattery we call “The Father of our Country.” Other names are given as titles of honour: we have styled some men “The Great,” “The Fortunate,” or “The August,” and have thus satisfied their passion for grandeur by bestowing upon them all the dignity that we could: but when we style a man “The Father of his Country” we give him to understand that we have entrusted him with a father’s power over us, which is of the mildest character, for a father takes thought for his children and subordinates his own interests to theirs. It is long before a father will cut off a member of his own body: even after he has cut it off he longs to replace it, and in cutting it off he laments and hesitates much and long: for he who condemns quickly is not far from being willing to condemn; and he who inflicts too great punishment comes very near to punishing unjustly.

French

Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)

Quel est donc le devoir d’un prince ? Celui d’un bon père, qui tantôt reprend ses enfants avec douceur, tantôt les menace, et parfois même frappe pour mieux avertir. Un homme sensé ne déshérite pas son fils au premier mécontentement. À moins que des torts graves et répétés n’aient vaincu sa patience, à moins qu’il n’appréhende des fautes plus grandes que celles qu’il punit, sa main se refuse toujours à signer le fatal arrêt. Il fait d’abord mille tentatives pour rappeler ce caractère indécis des sentiers mauvais où il glisse ; c’est quand tout espoir est perdu, qu’il essaye des moyens extrêmes ; car on n’a recours aux grands châtiments que si tout remède est épuisé. Cette tâche du père est aussi celle du prince que nous appelons père de la patrie sans qu’une vaine flatterie nous y porte, car ses autres surnoms sont purement honorifiques. Ceux de grand, d’heureux, d’auguste, et tous les titres possibles dont nous surchargeons une fastueuse majesté, sont pour elle un banal tribut ; mais nommer le prince père, de la patrie , c’est lui dire que le pouvoir qui lui fut remis est tout paternel, qu’il doit être le plus tempéré de tous, plein de sollicitude pour ses enfants, et placer leurs intérêts avant les siens. Père, il ne se décidera que bien tard à retrancher l’un de ses membres : l’a-t -il retranché, il voudrait pouvoir le remettre en place ; il gémira de la séparation ; il aura beaucoup et longtemps hésité. Qui condamne précipitamment est près de condamner avec plaisir, et l’extrême rigueur touche à l’injustice. De nos jours Erixon, chevalier romain, pour avoir fait périr son fils sous le fouet, fut dans le forum percé de coups de poinçons par le peuple. À peine l’autorité d’Auguste put-elle l’arracher aux mains indignées des fils et des pères.

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