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Seneca
On Anger Chapter 13
Chapter 13 of 100
Canonical reference 1.13
Latin
Perseus canonical Latin TEI
Deinde quae habenda sunt, quo maiora eo meliora et optabiliora sunt. Si iustitia bonum est, nemo dicet meliorem futuram, si quid detractum ex ea fuerit ; si fortitudo bonum est, nemo illam desiderabit ex aliqua parte deminui. Ergo et ira quo maior hoc melior ; quis enim ullius boni accessionem recusaverit ? Atqui augeri illam inutile est; ergo et esse. Non est bonum quod incremento malum fit. " Utilis," inquit, " ira est, quia pugnaciores facit." Isto modo et ebrietas ; facit enim protervos et audaces multique meliores ad ferrum fuere male sobrii ; isto modo dic et phrenesin atque insaniam viribus necessariam, quia saepe validiores furor reddit. Quid ? Non aliquotiens metus ex contrario fecit audacem, et mortis timor etiam inertissimos excitavit in proelium ? Sed ira, ebrietas, metus aliaque eiusmodi foeda et caduca irritamenta sunt nec virtutem instruunt, quae nihil vitiis eget, sed segnem alioqui animum et ignavum paullum adlevant. Nemo irascendo fit fortior, nisi qui fortis sine ira non fuisset. Ita non in adiutorium virtutis venit, sed in vicem. Quid quod, si bonum esset ira, perfectissimum quemque sequeretur ? Atqui iracundissimi infantes senesque et aegri sunt, et invalidum omne natura querulum est.
English
Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)
Moreover, qualities which we ought to possess become better and more desirable the more extensive they are: if justice is a good thing, no one will say that it would be better if any part were subtracted from it; if bravery is a good thing, no one would wish it to be in any way curtailed: consequently the greater anger is, the better it is, for who ever objected to a good thing being increased? But it is not expedient that anger should be increased: therefore it is not expedient that it should exist at all, for that which grows bad by increase cannot be a good thing. “Anger is useful,” says our adversary, “because it makes men more ready to fight.” According to that mode of reasoning, then, drunkenness also is a good thing, for it makes men insolent and daring, and many use their weapons better when the worse for liquor: nay, according to that reasoning, also, you may call frenzy and madness essential to strength, because madness often makes men stronger. Why, does not fear often by the rule of contraries make men bolder, and does not the terror of death rouse up even arrant cowards to join battle? Yet anger, drunkenness, fear, and the like, are base and temporary incitements to action, and can furnish no arms to virtue, which has no need of vices, although they may at times be of some little assistance to sluggish and cowardly minds. No man becomes braver through anger, except one who without anger would not have been brave at all: anger does not therefore come to assist courage, but to take its place. What are we to say to the argument that, if anger were a good thing it would attach itself to all the best men? Yet the most irascible of creatures are infants, old men, and sick people. Every weakling is naturally prone to complaint.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
D’ailleurs tout bien, digne de passer pour tel, est d’autant meilleur et plus désirable qu’il est plus grand. Si la justice est un bien, personne ne dira qu’elle gagnerait à ce qu’on y retranchât quelque chose ; si c’est un bien que le courage, nul ne souhaitera qu’on en diminue rien : à ce compte, plus la colère serait grande, meilleure elle serait. Qui, en effet, refuserait l’accroissement d’un bien ? Or l’accroissement de la colère est un danger ; c’est donc un danger qu’elle existe. On ne peut appeler bien ce qui, en se développant, devient mal. « La colère, dit-on, est utile, en réveillant l’ardeur guerrière. » Il en sera donc de même de l’ivresse ; elle pousse à l’audace et à la provocation ; et beaucoup ont été plus braves au combat pour avoir eu moins de sobriété. Ainsi encore la frénésie et la démence seraient nécessaires au déploiement de nos forces ; car le délire les double souvent. Eh quoi ! la peur n’a-t-elle pas, par un effet contraire, fait naître l’audace, et la crainte de la mort, poussé au combat les plus lâches ? Mais la colère, l’ivresse, la crainte et tout sentiment analogue sont des stimulants honteux et précaires ; ils ne fortifient point la vertu, qui n’a que faire du vice ; seulement parfois ils réveillent quelque peu un cœur mou et pusillanime. La colère ne rend plus courageux que celui qui sans elle serait sans courage : elle vient non pas aider une vertu, mais la remplacer. Eh ! si la colère était un bien, ne serait-elle pas l’apanage des hommes les plus parfaits ? Or, les esprits les plus irascibles sont les enfants, les vieillards, les malades ; et tout être faible par nature est quinteux.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Courage
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Death
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Desire
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Faith
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Family
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Fear
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Moral rightness and utility
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Justice
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Law
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Messiah
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Mode
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Nature
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Reason
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Salvation
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Self-governance
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Sin
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Spirit
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Time
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Virtue
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War and peace
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