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Seneca

On Anger Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of 100

Canonical reference 1.18

Latin

Perseus canonical Latin TEI

Ratio utrique parti tempus dat, deinde advocationem et sibi petit, ut excutiendae veritati spatium habeat ; ira festinat. Ratio id iudicare vult quod aequum est ; ira id aequum videri vult quod iudicavit. Ratio nil praeter ipsum de quo agitur spectat; ira vanis et extra causam obversantibus commovetur. Vultus illam securior, vox clarior, sermo liberior, cultus delicatior, advocatio ambitiosior, favor popularis exasperant ; saepe infesta patrono reum damnat ; etiam si ingeritur oculis veritas, amat et tuetur errorem; coargui non vult et in male coeptis honestior illi pertinacia videtur quam paenitentia. Cn. Piso fuit memoria nostra vir a multis vitiis integer, sed pravus et cui placebat pro constantia rigor. Is cum iratus duci iussisset eum, qui ex commeatu sine commilitone redierat, quasi interfecisset quem non exhibebat, roganti tempus aliquod ad conquirendum non dedit. Damnatus extra vallum productus est et iam cervicem porrigebat, cum subito apparuit ille commilito qui occisus videbatur. Tunc centurio supplicio praepositus condere gladium speculatorem iubet, damnatum ad Pisonem reducit redditurus Pisoni innocentiam ; nam militi fortuna reddiderat. Ingenti concursu deducuntur complexi alter alterum eum magno gaudio castrorum commilitones. Conscendit tribunal furens Piso ac iubet duci utrumque, et eum militem qui non occiderat et eum qui non perierat. Quid hoc indignius ? Quia unus innocens apparuerat, duo peribant. Piso adiecit et tertium. Nam ipsum centurionem, qui damnatum reduxerat, duci iussit. Constituti sunt in eodem illo loco perituri tres ob unius innocentiam. O quam sollers est iracundia ad fingendas causas furoris ! " Te," inquit, " duci iubeo, quia damnatus es ; te, quia causa damnationis commilitoni fuisti ; te, quia iussus occidere imperatori non paruisti." Excogitavit quemadmodum tria crimina faceret, quia nullum invenerat.

English

Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)

Reason gives each side time to plead; moreover, she herself demands adjournment, that she may have sufficient scope for the discovery of the truth; whereas anger is in a hurry: reason wishes to give a just decision; anger wishes its decision to be thought just: reason looks no further than the matter in hand; anger is excited by empty matters hovering on the outskirts of the case: it is irritated by anything approaching to a confident demeanour, a loud voice, an unrestrained speech, dainty apparel, high-flown pleading, or popularity with the public. It often condemns a man because it dislikes his patron; it loves and maintains error even when truth is staring it in the face. It hates to be proved wrong, and thinks it more honourable to persevere in a mistaken line of conduct than to retract it. I remember Gnaeus Piso, a man who was free from many vices, yet of a perverse disposition, and one who mistook harshness for consistency. In his anger he ordered a soldier to be led off to execution because he had returned from furlough without his comrade, as though he must have murdered him if he could not show him. When the man asked for time for search, he would not grant it: the condemned man was brought outside the rampart, and was just offering his neck to the axe, when suddenly there appeared his comrade who was thought to be slain. Hereupon the centurion in charge of the execution bade the guardsman sheathe his sword, and led the condemned man back to Piso, to restore to him the innocence which Fortune had restored to the soldier. They were led into his presence by their fellow soldiers amid the great joy of the whole camp, embracing one another and accompanied by a vast crowd. Piso mounted the tribunal in a fury and ordered them both to be executed, both him who had not murdered and him who had not been slain. What could be more unworthy than this? Because one was proved to be innocent, two perished. Piso even added a third: for he actually ordered the centurion, who had brought back the condemned man, to be put to death. Three men were set up to die in the same place because one was innocent. O, how clever is anger at inventing reasons for its frenzy! “You,” it says, “I order to be executed, because you have been condemned to death: you, because you have been the cause of your comrade’s condemnation, and you, because when ordered to put him to death you disobeyed your general.” He discovered the means of charging them with three crimes, because he could find no crime in them.

French

Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)

La raison accorde à chaque partie le lieu, le temps convenables ; elle-même elle prend délai pour avoir toute latitude dans la discussion de la vérité : la colère décide à la hâte. La raison veut qu’on prononce selon la justice ; elle, au contraire, veut qu’on trouve juste ce qu’elle a prononcé. La raison n’envisage que le fond même de la question ; la colère s’émeut pour des motifs puérils autant qu’étrangers à la cause. Un air assuré, une voix ferme, un langage franc, une mise recherchée, un cortége imposant, la faveur populaire vont l’exaspérer. Souvent, en haine du défenseur, elle condamne l’accusé : vainement la vérité éclate à ses yeux ; elle aime et soutient son erreur ; elle ne veut pas qu’on la lui démontre ; et s’obstiner dans une fausse voie lui paraît plus beau que se repentir. Cn. Cnaeus Pison, notre contemporain, fut un homme irréprochable à beaucoup d’égards, mais esprit faux, et qui prenait l’inflexibilité pour de la fermeté. Dans un moment de colère, il avait condamné à mort un soldat comme meurtrier de son camarade parti en congé avec lui et qu’il ne pouvait représenter. L’infortuné demande un sursis pour aller aux recherches, il est refusé. On le conduit, d’après la sentence, hors des lignes du camp ; et déjà il tendait la tête, quand soudain reparut celui qu’on croyait assassiné. Alors le centurion préposé au supplice ordonne à l’exécuteur de remettre son glaive dans le fourreau, et ramène le condamné à Pison. Il vient rendre au juge le service qu’a rendu le sort au soldat : tous deux seront innocents. Une foule immense escorte les deux frères d’armes, qui se tiennent l’un l’autre embrassés : l’armée est au comble de la joie. Pison s’élance en fureur sur son tribunal ; il voue à la fois au supplice et le soldat non coupable du meurtre et celui qui n’avait pas été assassiné. Quoi de plus indigne ? parce que l’un était justifié, tous deux périssaient. Et Pison ajoute une troisième victime : le centurion lui-même, pour avoir ramené un condamné, est envoyé à la mort. Placés hors du camp, tous trois vont périr : car le premier est innocent. Oh ! que la colère est ingénieuse à se forger des motifs de sévir ! « Toi, je te condamne, parce que tu l’es déjà ; toi, parce que tu es cause de la condamnation d’un camarade ; et toi, parce que, chargé d’exécuter l’arrêt, tu n’as pas obéi à ton général. » Il trouva moyen de créer trois crimes, faute d’en trouver un.

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