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Seneca
On Anger Chapter 7
Chapter 7 of 100
Canonical reference 1.7
Latin
Perseus canonical Latin TEI
Numquid, quamvis non sit naturalis ira, adsumenda est, quia utilis saepe fuit ? Extollit animos et incitat, nec quicquam sine illa magnificum in bello fortitudo gerit, nisi hinc flamma subdita est et hic stimulus peragitavit misitque in pericula audaces. Optimum itaque quidam putant temperare iram, non tollere, eoque detracto, quod exundat, ad salutarem modum cogere, id vero retinere sine quo languebit actio et vis ac vigor animi resolvetur. Primum facilius est excludere perniciosa quam regere et non admittere quam admissa moderari ; nam cum se in possessione posuerunt, potentiora rectore sunt nec recidi se minuive patiuntur. Deinde ratio ipsa, cui freni traduntur, tam diu potens est quam diu diducta est ab adfectibus ; si miscuit se illis et inquinavit, non potest continere quos summovere potuisset. Commota enim semel et excussa mens ei servit quo impellitur. Quarundam rerum initia in nostra potestate sunt, ulteriora nos vi sua rapiunt nec regressum relinquunt. Ut in praeceps datis corporibus nullum sui arbitrium est nec resistere morarive deiecta potuerunt, sed consilium omne et paenitentiam irrevocabilis praecipitatio abscidit et non licet eo non pervenire, quo non ire licuisset, ita animus si in iram, amorem aliosque se proiecit adfectus, non permittitur reprimere impetum ; rapiat illum oportet et ad imum agat pondus suum et vitiorum natura proclivis.
English
Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)
May it not be that, although anger be not natural, it may be right to adopt it, because it often proves useful? It rouses the spirit and excites it; and courage does nothing grand in war without it, unless its flame be supplied from this source; this is the goad which stirs up bold men and sends them to encounter perils. Some therefore consider it to be best to control anger, not to banish it utterly, but to cut off its extravagances, and force it to keep within useful bounds, so as to retain that part of it without which action will become languid and all strength and activity of mind will die away. In the first place, it is easier to banish dangerous passions than to rule them; it is easier not to admit them than to keep them in order when admitted; for when they have established themselves in possession of the mind they are more powerful than the lawful ruler, and will in no wise permit themselves to be weakened or abridged. In the next place, Reason herself, who holds the reins, is only strong while she remains apart from the passions; if she mixes and befouls herself with them she becomes no longer able to restrain those whom she might once have cleared out of her path; for the mind, when once excited and shaken up, goes whither the passions drive it. There are certain things whose beginnings lie in our own power, but which, when developed, drag us along by their own force and leave us no retreat. Those who have flung themselves over a precipice have no control over their movements, nor can they stop or slacken their pace when once started, for their own headlong and irremediable rashness has left no room for either reflexion or remorse, and they cannot help going to lengths which they might have avoided. So, also, the mind, when it has abandoned itself to anger, love, or any other passion, is unable to check itself: its own weight and the downward tendency of vices must needs carry the man off and hurl him into the lowest depth.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
Mais, bien qu’elle ne le soit point, ne doit-on pas l’accueillir pour les services qu’elle a souvent rendus ? Elle exalte les âmes et les aiguillonne ; et le courage guerrier ne fait rien de brillant sans elle, sans cette flamme qui vient d’elle, sans ce mobile qui étourdit l’homme et le lance plein d’audace à travers les périls. Aussi quelques-uns jugent-ils que le mieux est de modérer la colère sans l’étouffer, de retrancher ce qu’elle a de trop vif pour la restreindre à sa mesure salutaire, et surtout de conserver ce principe, dont l’absence rend notre action languissante et relâche les ressorts de la vigueur morale. Mais d’abord il est plus facile d’expulser un mauvais principe que de le gouverner, plus facile de ne pas l’admettre que de le modérer une fois admis. Dès qu’il s’est mis en possession, il est plus fort que le maître et ne souffre ni restriction ni limite. D’autre part, la raison elle-même, à laquelle vous livrez les rênes, n’a de puissance qu’autant qu’elle s’est isolée des passions ; mais souillée de leur alliance, elle ne peut plus les contenir quand elle eût pu les, écarter. L’âme, une fois ébranlée, jetée hors de son siége, n’obéit plus qu’à l’impulsion qu’elle a reçue. Il est des choses qui, dès l’abord, dépendent de nous, et qui plus tard nous emportent par leur propre force et ne permettent plus de retour. L’homme qui s’élance au fond d’un abîme n’est plus maître de lui ; il ne peut s’arrêter ni ralentir sa chute : un entraînement irrévocable a coupé court à toute prudence, à tout repentir, et il est impossible de ne pas arriver où on était libre de ne pas tendre. Ainsi l’âme qui s’est abandonnée à la colère, à l’amour, à une passion quelconque, perd les moyens d’enchaîner leur fougue. Il faut qu’elles la poussent jusqu’au bout, précipitée de tout son poids sur la pente rapide du vice.
Concepts in this passage
Affects
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Anger
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Care of the soul
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Courage
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Covenant
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Death
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Faith
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Family
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Law
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Love
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Messiah
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Mode
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Nature
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Philosophical training
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Reason
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Repentance
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Salvation
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Self-governance
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Service
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Sin
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Spirit
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Suffering
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War and peace
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