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Seneca
On Anger Chapter 22
Chapter 79 of 100
Canonical reference 3.22
Latin
Perseus canonical Latin TEI
Et haec cogitanda sunt exempla, quae vites, et illa ex contrario, quae sequaris, moderata, lenia, quibus nec ad irascendum causa defuit nec ad ulciscendum potestas. Quid enim facilius fuit Antigono quam duos manipulares duci iubere, qui incumbentes regis tabernaculo faciebant, quod homines et periculosissime et libentissime faciunt, de rege suo male existimabant ? Audierat omnia Antigonus, utpote cum inter dicentes et audientem palla interesset ; quam ille leviter commovit et : " Longius," inquit, " discedite, ne vos rex audiat. " Idem quadam nocte, cum quosdam ex militibus suis exaudisset omnia mala imprecantis regi, qui ipsos in illud iter et inextricabile lutum deduxisset, accessit ad eos, qui maxime laborabant, et cum ignorantis a quo adiuvarentur explicuisset : " Nunc," inquit, " male dicite Antigono, cuius vitio in has miserias incidistis ; ei autem bene optate, qui vos ex hac voragine eduxit." Idem tam miti animo hostium suorum male dicta quam civium tulit. Itaque cum in parvulo quodam castello Graeci obsiderentur et fiducia loci contemnentes hostem multa in deformitatem Antigoni iocarentur et nunc staturam humilem, nunc collisum nasum deriderent: " Gaudeo," inquit, " et aliquid boni spero, si in castris meis Silenum habeo. " Cum hos dicaces fame domuisset, captis sic usus est, ut eos qui militiae utiles erant in cohortes discriberet, ceteros praeconi subiceret, idque se negavit facturum fuisse, nisi expediret iis dominum habere, qui tam malam haberent linguam.
English
Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)
These should be regarded as examples to be avoided, and what I am about to relate, on the contrary, to be followed, being examples of gentle and lenient conduct in men who both had reasons for anger and power to avenge themselves. What could have been easier than for Antigonus to order those two common soldiers to be executed who leaned against their king’s tent while doing what all men especially love to do, and run the greatest danger by doing, I mean while they spoke evil of their king. Antigonus heard all they said, as was likely, since there was only a piece of cloth between the speakers and the listener, who gently raised it, and said “Go a little further off, for fear the king should hear you.” He also on one night, hearing some of his soldiers invoking everything that was evil upon their king for having brought them along that road and into that impassable mud, went to those who were in the greatest difficulties, and having extricated them without their knowing who was their helper, said, “Now curse Antigonus, by whose fault you have fallen into this trouble, but bless the man who has brought you out of this slough.” This same Antigonus bore the abuse of his enemies as good-naturedly as that of his countrymen; thus when he was besieging some Greeks in a little fort, and they, despising their enemy through their confidence in the strength of their position, cut many jokes upon the ugliness of Antigonus, at one time mocking him for his shortness of stature, at another for his broken nose, he answered, “I rejoice, and expect some good fortune because I have a Silenus in my camp.” After he had conquered these witty folk by hunger, his treatment of them was to form regiments of those who were fit for service, and sell the rest by public auction; nor would he, said he, have done this had it not been better that men who had such evil tongues should be under the control of a master.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
Cette démence (car quel autre terme employer ?) a gagné aussi les Romains. Caligula détruisit, près d’Herculanum, une magnifique villa, parce que sa mère y avait été quelque temps détenue. Il ne fit par là que rendre cette disgrâce plus notoire. Tant que la villa fût debout, on passait devant sans la remarquer ; aujourd’hui on s’informe pourquoi elle est en ruine. S’il faut méditer ces exemples pour les fuir, imitons, en revanche, la douceur et la modération d’hommes qui ne manquaient ni de raisons pour se mettre en colère, ni de pouvoir pour se venger. Qu’y avait-il de plus facile pour Antigone que d’envoyer au supplice deux sentinelles qui, accoudées à la tente royale, cédaient à l’attrait si périlleux et si général pourtant de médire du prince ? Antigone avait ouï tout ce qu’ils disaient, n’étant séparé des causeurs que par une simple toile. Il l’ébranla doucement et leur dit : « Éloignez-vous un peu ; le roi pourrait vous entendre. » Le même, dans une marche de nuit, entendant quelques-uns de ses soldats le maudire à outrance pour les avoir engagés dans un chemin fangeux et inextricable, s’approcha des plus embourbés, et lorsque, sans se faire connaître, il les eut aidés à sortir d’embarras : « Maintenant, leur dit-il, maudissez Antigone, qui vous a jetés par sa faute dans ce mauvais pas ; mais remerciez-le aussi de vous avoir tirés du bourbier. » Il supportait avec autant de douceur les sarcasmes de ses ennemis que ceux de ses sujets. Au siége de je ne sais quelle bicoque, les Grecs qui la défendaient, se fiant sur la force de la place, bravaient les assaillants, faisaient mille plaisanteries sur la laideur d’Antigone, et riaient tantôt de sa petite taille, tantôt de son nez épaté. « Bon ! dit-il, je puis espérer, puisque j’ai Silène dans mon camp. » Quand il eut réduit ces railleurs par la famine, ceux des captifs qui étaient propres au service furent répartis dans ses cohortes et le reste vendu à l’encan, ce qu’il n’eût même pas fait, assura-t-il, si pour leur bien il n’eût fallu un maître à de si mauvaises langues. Le petit-fils de ce roi fut Alexandre , qui lançait sa pique contre ses convives, qui de ses deux amis cités tout à l’heure livra l’un à la fureur d’un lion et fut pour l’autre une bête féroce. Et de ces deux hommes, celui qu’il jeta au lion survécut.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Aporia
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Care of the soul
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Family
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Fear
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Force
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Fortune
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Moral rightness and utility
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Humility
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Law
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Love
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Mode
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Nature
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Philosophical eros
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Self-governance
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Service
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Sin
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Time
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