Public domain The work and displayed translations are recorded as public domain or from an open transcription.

Seneca

On Anger Chapter 28

Chapter 85 of 100

Canonical reference 3.28

Latin

Perseus canonical Latin TEI

Huic irasceris, deinde illi; servis, deinde libertis ; parentibus, deinde liberis ; notis, deinde ignotis; ubique enim causae supersunt, nisi deprecator animus accessit. Hinc te illo furor rapiet, illinc alio, et novis subinde irritamentis orientibus continuabitur rabies. Age, infelix, ecquando amabis ? O quam bonum tempus in re mala perdis ! Quanto nunc erat satius amicos parare, inimicos mitigare, rem publicam administrare, transferre in res domesticas operam, quam circumspicere, quid alicui facere possis mali, quod aut dignitati eius aut patrimonio aut corpori vulnus infligas, cum id tibi contingere sine certamine ac periculo non possit, etiam si cum inferiore concurses ! Vinctum licet accipias et ad arbitrium tuum omni patientiae expositum ; saepe nimia vis caedentis aut articulum loco movit aut nervum in his quos fregerat dentibus fixit. Multos iracundia mancos, multos debiles fecit, etiam ubi patientem est nancta materiam. Adice nunc quod nihil tam imbecille natum est, ut sine elidentis periculo pereat; imbecillos valentissimis alias dolor, alias casus exaequat. Quid, quod pleraque eorum, propter quae irascimur, offendunt nos magis quam laedunt ? Multum autem interest, utrum aliquis voluntati meae obstet an desit, eripiat an non det. Atqui in aequo ponimus, utrum aliquis auferat an neget, utrum spem nostram praecidat an differat, utrum contra nos faciat an pro se, amore alterius an odio nostri. Quidam vero non tantum iustas causas standi contra nos, sed etiam honestas habent. Alius patrem tuetur, alius fratrem, alius patriam, alius amicum ; his tamen non ignoscimus id facientibus, quod nisi facerent improbaremus, immo, quod est incredibile, saepe de facto bene existimamus, de faciente male. At me hercules vir magnus ac iustus fortissimum quemque ex hostibus suis et pro libertate ac salute patriae pertinacissimum suspicit et talem sibi civem, talem militem contingere optat.

English

Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)

If you are angry, you will quarrel first with this man, and then with that: first with slaves, then with freedmen: first with parents, then with children: first with acquaintances, then with strangers: for there are grounds for anger in every case, unless your mind steps in and intercedes with you: your frenzy will drag you from one place to another, and from thence to elsewhere, your madness will constantly meet with newly-occurring irritants, and will never depart from you. Tell me, miserable man, what time you will have for loving? O, what good time you are wasting on an evil thing! How much better it would be to win friends, and disarm enemies: to serve the state, or to busy oneself with one’s private affairs, rather than to cast about for what harm you can do to somebody, what wound you can inflict either upon his social position, his fortune, or his person, although you cannot succeed in doing so without a struggle and risk to yourself, even if your antagonist be inferior to you. Even supposing that he were handed over to you in chains, and that you were at liberty to torture him as much as you please, yet even then excessive violence in striking a blow often causes us to dislocate a joint, or entangles a sinew in the teeth which it has broken. Anger makes many men cripples, or invalids, even when it meets with an unresisting victim: and besides this, no creature is so weak that it can be destroyed without any danger to its destroyer: sometimes grief, sometimes chance, puts the weakest on a level with the strongest. What shall we say of the fact that the greater part of the things which enrage us are insults, not injuries? It makes a great difference whether a man thwarts my wishes or merely fails to carry them out, whether he robs me or does not give me anything: yet we count it all the same whether a man takes anything from us or refuses to give anything to us, whether he extinguishes our hope or defers it, whether his object be to hinder us or to help himself, whether he acts out of love for some one or out of hatred for us. Some men are bound to oppose us not only on the ground of justice, but of honour: one is defending his father, another his brother, another his country, another his friend: yet we do not forgive men for doing what we should blame them for not doing; nay, though one can hardly believe it, we often think well of an act, and ill of the man who did it. But, by Hercules, a great and just man looks with respect at the bravest of his enemies, and the most obstinate defender of his freedom and his country, and wishes that he had such a man for his own countryman and soldier.

French

Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)

Et puis, à moins de bien attiser soi-même sa colère, de renouveler sans cesse les éléments qui la ravivent, d’elle-même elle se dissipera et chaque jour lui enlèvera de sa force. Ne vaut-il pas mieux qu’elle soit vaincue par toi que par elle-même ? Ta colère s’attaque à tel homme, puis à tel autre ; de tes esclaves elle retombe sur tes affranchis, de tes parents sur tes enfants, de tes connaissances sur des inconnus, car les motifs surabondent partout où le cœur n’intercède pas. La passion te précipitera d’ici là, de là plus loin, et, de nouveaux stimulants s’offrant à chaque pas, ce sera une rage continue. Eh ! malheureux, quand donc aimeras-tu ? Ô que de beaux jours perdus à mal faire ! Qu’il serait plus doux, dès à présent, de s’attacher des amis, d’apaiser ses ennemis, de servir l’État, de tourner ses soins vers ses affaires domestiques, au lieu d’épier péniblement ce que tu peux faire de mal à ton semblable, comment tu le blesseras dans sa dignité, son patrimoine ou sa personne, victoires que tu n’obtiendras point sans lutte ni péril, l’adversaire te fût-il inférieur en force ? Te le livrât-on garrotté et voué à tous les supplices qu’il te plairait de lui infliger, souvent le lutteur qui frappe trop violemment se désarticule le bras, ou sent l’un de ses muscles fixé à la mâchoire qu’il a brisée. Combien la colère a fait de manchots et d’infirmes, lors même qu’elle ne trouvait qu’une matière passive ! D’ailleurs il n’est rien de si faible par nature qu’on puisse l’écraser sans risque : parfois l’extrême douleur ou le hasard rend le plus faible égal au plus fort. Et puis, presque tous les sujets qui nous fâchent ne sont-ils pas plutôt des contrariétés que des torts réels ? Il y a loin pourtant entre faire obstacle à ma volonté et ne pas la servir, entre me dépouiller et ne pas me donner. Et nous mettons sur la même ligne un vol ou un refus, une espérance détruite ou ajournée ; qu’on agisse contre nous ou pour soi, par amour pour un tiers ou par haine contre nous ! Pourtant certaines personnes ont pour s’opposer à nous des motifs, non-seulement légitimes, mais honorables. C’est un père qu’ils défendent, un frère, un oncle, un ami : eh bien, nous ne leur pardonnons pas de faire ce que nous les blâmerions de n’avoir pas fait ; bien plus, ce qui passe toute croyance, souvent nous applaudissons à l’acte, et nous blâmons l’auteur.

Concepts in this passage

Before reading

What you will learn

Open the full record