Public domain
The work and displayed translations are recorded as public domain or from an open transcription.
Seneca
On Leisure Chapter 1
Chapter 1 of 8
Canonical reference 1
Latin
Perseus canonical Latin TEI
cit, nobis magno consensu vitia commendant. Licet nihil aliud, quod sit salutare, temptemus, proderit tamen per se ipsum secedere ; meliores erimus singuli. Quid, quod secedere ad optimos viros et aliquod exemplum eligere, ad quod vitam derigamus, licet ? Quod nisi in otio non fit. Tunc potest obtineri quod semel placuit, ubi nemo intervenit, qui iudicium adhuc imbecillum populo adiutore detorqueat; tunc potest vita aequali et uno tenore procedere, quam propositis diversissimis scindimus. Nam inter cetera mala illud pessimum est, quod vitia ipsa mutamus. Sic ne hoc quidem nobis contingit permanere in malo iam familiari. Aliud ex alio placet vexatque nos hoc quoque, quod iudicia nostra non tantum prava, sed etiam levia sunt. Fluctuamur aliudque ex alio com- prendimus, petita relinquimus, relicta repetimus, alternae inter cupiditatem nostram et paenitentiam vices sunt ; pendemus enim toti ex alienis iudiciis et id optimum nobis videtur, quod petitores laudatoresque multos habet, non id quod laudandum petendumque est, nec viam bonam ac malam per se aestimamus, sed turba vestigiorum, in quibus nulla sunt redeuntium. Dices mihi: " Quid agis. Seneca ? Deseris partes ? Certe Stoici vestri dicunt: ' Usque ad ultimum vitae finem in actu erimus, non desinemus communi bono operam dare, adiuvare singulos, opem ferre etiam inimicis senili manu. Nos sumus, qui nullis annis vacationem damus et, quod ait ille vir disertissimus, Canitiem galea premimus. Nos sumus, apud quos usque eo nihil ante mortem otiosum est, ut, si res patitur, non sit ipsa mors otiosa.' Quid nobis Epicuri praecepta in ipsis Zenonis principiis loqueris ? Quin tu bene gnaviter, si partium piget, transfugis potius quam prodis ? " Hoc tibi in praesentia respondebo : " Numquid vis amplius, quam ut me similem ducibus meis praestem ? Quid ergo est ? Non quo miserint me illi, sed quo duxerint, ibo."
English
Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)
. . . . why do they with great unanimity recommend vices to us? even though we attempt nothing else that would do us good, yet retirement in itself will be beneficial to us: we shall be better men when taken singly - and if so, what an advantage it will be to retire into the society of the best of men, and to choose some example by which we may guide our lives! This cannot be done without leisure: with leisure we can carry out that which we have once for all decided to be best, when there is no one to interfere with us and with the help of the mob pervert our as yet feeble judgment: with leisure only can life, which we distract by aiming at the most incompatible objects, flow on in a single gentle stream. Indeed, the worst of our various ills is that we change our very vices, and so we have not even the advantage of dealing with a well-known form of evil: we take pleasure first in one and then in another, and are, besides, troubled by the fact that our opinions are not only wrong, but lightly formed; we toss as it were on waves, and clutch at one thing after another: we let go what we just now sought for, and strive to recover what we have let go. We oscillate between desire and remorse, for we depend entirely upon the opinions of others, and it is that which many people praise and seek after, not that which deserves to be praised and sought after, which we consider to be best. Nor do we take any heed of whether our road be good or bad in itself, but we value it by the number of footprints upon it, among which there are none of any who have returned. You will say to me, “Seneca, what are you doing? do you desert your party? I am sure that our Stoic philosophers say we must be in motion up to the very end of our life, we will never cease to labour for the general good; to help individual people, and when stricken in years to afford assistance even to our enemies. We are the sect that gives no discharge for any number of years’ service, and in the words of the most eloquent of poets: - ‘We wear the helmet when our locks are grey.’ We are they who are so far from indulging in any leisure until we die, that if circumstances permit it, we do not allow ourselves to be at leisure even when we are dying. Why do you preach the maxims of Epicurus in the very headquarters of Zeno? nay, if you are ashamed of your party, why do you not go openly altogether over to the enemy rather than betray your own side?” I will answer this question straightway: What more can you wish than that I should imitate my leaders? What then follows? I shall go whither they lead me, not whither they send me.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
… Les cirques, en y applaudissant par tant de mains, nous préconisent les vices. Quand nous ne tenterions nul autre moyen de salut , la retraite, par elle-même, profiterait encore : on en vaut mieux quand on est seul . Et puis, cette retraite, ne peut-on la trouver auprès des hommes les plus vertueux, et choisir un modèle sur lequel on règle sa vie, ce qui sans loisir ne saurait se faire ? On ne persévérera dans le plan une fois approuvé, que si nul n’intervient, s’appuyant du préjugé public, pour faire dévier nos idées encore chancelantes : alors la vie pourra marcher d’un cours égal et uniforme, cette vie que nous morcelons entre les plus contradictoires projets. Car de toutes nos misères la pire est que nous sommes changeants jusque dans nos vices ; ainsi on n’a même pas l’avantage de s’en tenir à un mal qui nous soit familier. Un premier nous quitte, un second nous séduit ; et pour surcroît de torture, nos jugements sont à la fois dépravés et instables. On flotte au hasard, on saisit un objet puis un autre ; ce qu’on a poursuivi on le laisse, ce qu’on a laissé on le poursuit de nouveau : retours alternatifs de convoitises et de repentirs. C’est que nous dépendons tout entiers de l’opinion, et que le meilleur parti nous semble celui qui a le plus de sectateurs et d’apologistes plutôt que celui qui les mérite. Nous jugeons la route bonne ou mauvaise non par ce qu’elle est, mais par le grand nombre des vestiges, dont pas un ne marque le retour. Tu me diras : « Que fais-tu, Sénèque ? Tu désertes ton drapeau. Si je ne me trompe, tes stoïciens disent : Jusqu’au dernier terme de notre vie nous serons agissants, nous ne cesserons de vouer nos soins au bien de tous et au soulagement de chacun, de tendre même à nos ennemis une main secourable et bienveillante. Nous sommes de ceux qui n’octroient de congé à aucun âge, et, comme s’exprime éloquemment le poëte : Sur nos cheveux blanchis le casque pèse encore . Nous sommes de ceux qui, loin de rien donner avant la mort à l’oisiveté, ne souffrent pas même, s’il se peut, que ce dernier instant lui appartienne. Pourquoi donc nous tenir le langage d’Épicure sous la tente de Zénon ? Que n’agis-tu plus résolûment résolument ? te déplais-tu chez lui, fais-toi transfuge plutôt que traître. » Voici dès maintenant ma réponse : Me demandes-tu quelque chose de plus que de me modeler sur mes chefs ? Eh bien ! j’aurai été non où ils m’envoient, mais où ils me mènent.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
View detailed page
Filter the library
Beneficence
View detailed page
Filter the library
Care of the soul
View detailed page
Filter the library
Death
View detailed page
Filter the library
Desire
View detailed page
Filter the library
Duty
View detailed page
Filter the library
Ether and field
View detailed page
Filter the library
Faith
View detailed page
Filter the library
Family
View detailed page
Filter the library
Impermanence
View detailed page
Filter the library
Impressions and assent
View detailed page
Filter the library
Judgment
View detailed page
Filter the library
Justice
View detailed page
Filter the library
Law
View detailed page
Filter the library
Mode
View detailed page
Filter the library
Pleasure
View detailed page
Filter the library
Repentance
View detailed page
Filter the library
Salvation
View detailed page
Filter the library
Service
View detailed page
Filter the library
Sin
View detailed page
Filter the library
Suffering
View detailed page
Filter the library
Tranquillity
View detailed page
Filter the library
Virtue
View detailed page
Filter the library