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Seneca
On Leisure Chapter 3
Chapter 3 of 8
Canonical reference 3
Latin
Perseus canonical Latin TEI
Hoc Stoicis quoque placere ostendam, non quia mihi legem dixerim nihil contra dictum Zenonis Chrysippive committere, sed quia res ipsa patitur me ire in illorum sententiam, quoniam si quis semper unius sequitur, non in curia sed in factione est. Utinam quidem iam tenerentur omnia et in aperto confessa veritas esset nihilque ex decretis mutaremus ! Nunc veritatem cum eis ipsis qui docent quaerimus. Duae maxime et in hac re dissident sectae, Epicureorum et Stoicorum, sed utraque ad otium diversa via mittit. Epicurus ait : " Non accedet ad rem publicam sapiens, nisi si quid intervenerit "; Zenon ait : " Accedet ad rem publicam, nisi si quid impedient." Alter otium ex proposito petit, alter ex causa ; causa autem illa late patet. Si res publica corruptior est quam ut adiuvari possit, si occupata est malis, non nitetur sapiens in supervacuum nec se nihil profuturus impendet. Si parum habebit auctoritatis aut virium nec illum erit admissura res publica, si valetudo illum impediet, quomodo navem quassam non deduceret in mare, quomodo nomen in militiam non daret debilis, sic ad iter, quod inhabile sciet, non accedet. Potest ergo et ille, cui omnia adhuc in integro sunt, antequam ullas experiatur tempestates, in tuto subsistere et protinus commendare se bonis artibus et inlibatum otium exigere, virtutium cultor, quae exerceri etiam quietissimis possunt. Hoc nempe ab homine exigitur, ut prosit hominibus, si fieri potest, multis, si minus, paucis, si minus, proximis, si minus, sibi. Nam cum se utilem ceteris efficit, commune agit negotium. Quomodo qui se deteriorem facit non sibi tantummodo nocet, sed etiam omnibus eis, quibus melior factus prodesse potuisset, sic quis- quis bene de se meretur hoc ipso aliis prodest, quod illis profuturum parat.
English
Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)
I will show that this is approved of by the Stoics also, not that I have laid any commandment upon myself to do nothing contrary to the teaching of Zeno and Chrysippus, but because the matter itself allows me to follow the precepts of those men; for if one always follows the precepts of one man, one ceases to be a debater and becomes a partizan. Would that all things were already known, that truth were unveiled and recognized, and that none of our doctrines required modification! but as it is we have to seek for truth in the company of the very men who teach it. The two sects of Epicureans and Stoics differ widely in most respects, and on this point among the rest, nevertheless, each of them consigns us to leisure, although by a different road. Epicurus says, “The wise man will not take part in politics, except upon some special occasion;” Zeno says, “The wise man will take part in politics, unless prevented by some special circumstance.” The one makes it his aim in life to seek for leisure, the other seeks it only when he has reasons for so doing: but this word “reasons” has a wide signification. If the state is so rotten as to be past helping, if evil has entire dominion over it, the wise man will not labour in vain or waste his strength in unprofitable efforts. Should he be deficient in influence or bodily strength, if the state refuse to submit to his guidance, if his health stand in the way, then he will not attempt a journey for which he is unfit, just as he would not put to sea in a worn-out ship, or enlist in the army if he were an invalid. Consequently, one who has not yet suffered either in health or fortune has the right, before encountering any storms, to establish himself in safety, and thenceforth to devote himself to honourable industry and inviolate leisure, and the service of those virtues which can be practised even by those who pass the quietest of lives. The duty of a man is to be useful to his fellow-men; if possible, to be useful to many of them; failing this, to be useful to a few; failing this, to be useful to his neighbours, and, failing them, to himself: for when he helps others, he advances the general interests of mankind. Just as he who makes himself a worse man does harm not only to himself but to all those to whom he might have done good if he had made himself a better one, so he who deserves well of himself does good to others by the very fact that he is preparing what will be of service to them.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
Je montrerai que telle est aussi l’opinion des stoïciens, non que je me sois imposé la loi de ne rien hasarder contre le dire de Zénon ou de Chrysippe , mais parce qu’ici la chose même permet que je me range à leur avis : suivre toujours l’opinion d’un seul n’est pas d’un sénateur, mais d’un homme de parti. Plût aux dieux que tous les principes fussent trouvés, que la vérité parût sans voile, et confessée de tous ! Nous ne changerions rien à ses décrets : jusqu’ici nous la cherchons avec ceux mêmes qui l’enseignent. Deux grandes sectes sont divisées sur le point qui nous occupe : celle d’Épicure et celle du Portique, mais toutes deux nous mènent au repos par des voies différentes. Épicure dit : « Le sage n’approchera point des affaires publiques, à moins de circonstances imprévues ; » et Zénon : «. Le sage approchera des affaires publiques, à moins de quelque empêchement. » Le premier veut le repos par système, le second par nécessité. Or cette nécessité s’étend loin : l’État est-il trop corrompu pour qu’on puisse y porter remède, est-il envahi par les méchants, le sage ne fera point d’efforts qui seraient vains et ne se prodiguera pas en pure perte, s’il a trop peu d’autorité ou de forces ; et la chose publique non plus ne l’acceptera pas, si sa mauvaise santé y fait obstacle. Comme il ne lancera pas en mer un vaisseau délabré, et ne donnera pas son nom pour la milice s’il est débile de corps, ainsi n’abordera-t-il pas une tâche qu’il saura inexécutable pour lui. On peut donc, même avec des ressources encore entières, sans avoir encore éprouvé nulle tempête, se tenir à l’abri, et tout d’abord se consacrer aux bonnes études , suivre en un mot cet heureux loisir, ce culte des vertus que peuvent pratiquer les mortels même les plus amis du repos. Qu’exige-t-on de l’homme en effet ? Qu’il soit utile à beaucoup, s’il le peut ; sinon, à quelques-uns ; sinon encore, à ses proches ; ou enfin, à lui-même. Car se rendre utile à autrui, c’est travailler au bien commun. Comme quiconque se déprave ne se nuit pas à lui seul, mais nuit encore à tous ceux que, meilleur, il eût pu servir ; de même qui mérite bien de son âme rend service à la société ; car il lui prépare un homme qui la servira un jour.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Civic duty
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Death
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Duty
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Family
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Fortune
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God
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Moral rightness and utility
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Justice
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Law
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Messiah
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Mode
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Necessity
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Neighbor
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Philosophical training
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Reason
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Service
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Sin
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Suffering
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Tranquillity
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Truth
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Virtue
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Wisdom
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