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Seneca

Moral Letters to Lucilius Section 5

Section 1,274 of 2,141

Canonical reference 88.5

Latin

Perseus canonical Latin TEI

Nisi forte tibi Homerum philosophum fuisse persuadent, cum his ipsis, quibus colligunt, negent. Nam modo Stoicum illum faciunt, virtutem solam probantem et voluptates refugientem et ab honesto ne inmortalitatis quidem pretio recedentem, modo Epicureum, laudantem statum quietae civitatis et inter convivia cantusque vitam exigentis, modo Peripateticum, tria bonorum genera inducentem, modo Aeademicum Academicum, omnia incerta dicentem. Adparet nihil horum esse in illo, quia omnia sunt. Ista enim inter se dissident. Demus illis Homerum philosophum fuisse; nempe sapiens factus est, antequam carmina ulla cognosceret. Ergo illa discamus, quae Homerum fecere sapientem.

French

Baillard 1914

Mais peut-être voudront-ils te persuader qu’Homère était un philosophe, quand les preuves mêmes qu’ils en donnent les démentent. Car tantôt on fait de lui un stoïcien, n’admirant rien que la force d’âme, ayant horreur des voluptés et ne s’écartant pas de l’honnête, même au prix de l’immortalité ; tantôt c’est un épicurien, qui fait l’éloge d’une cité où règne la paix et où la vie s’écoule parmi les festins et les chants ; c’est encore un péripatéticien qui admet trois sortes de biens dans la vie ; c’est enfin un académicien qui dit que tout n’est qu’incertitude. La preuve qu’il n’est rien de tout cela, c’est qu’il est tout cela à la fois : systèmes entre eux incompatibles. Accordons-leur qu’Homère ait été philosophe. Nécessairement il le sera devenu avant d’avoir songé le moins du monde aux vers :
étudionsdonc cette sagesse qui a fait d’Homère son adepte.

English

Richard M. Gummere · Moral Letters to Lucilius

It may be, perhaps, that they make you believe that Homer was a philosopher, although they disprove this by the very arguments through which they seek to prove it. For sometimes they make of him a Stoic, who approves nothing but virtue, avoids pleasures, and refuses to relinquish honour even at the price of immortality; sometimes they make him an Epicurean, praising the condition of a state in repose, which passes its days in feasting and song; sometimes a Peripatetic, classifying goodness in three ways; sometimes an Academic, holding that all things are uncertain. It is clear, however, that no one of these doctrines is to be fathered upon Homer, just because they are all there; for they are irreconcilable with one another. We may admit to these men, indeed, that Homer was a philosopher; yet surely he became a wise man before he had any knowledge of poetry. So let us learn the particular things that made Homer wise.

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