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Seneca

Natural Questions Chapter 24

Chapter 41 of 201

Canonical reference 2.24

Latin

Latin Wikisource transcription (edition not asserted)

Quomodo, inquit, cum dicatis ignis hanc esse naturam ut petat superiora, fulmen terram petit? Aut falsum est quod de igne dixistis ; est enim illi aeque sursuin iter quam deorsum. Vtrumque uerum potest esse. Ignis enim natura in uerticem surgit et, si nihil illum prohibet, ascendit, sicut a qua natura defertur ; si tamen aliqua uis accessit quae illam in contrarium circumageret, illo intenditur unde imbre deiecta est. Fulmen autem cadit eadem necessitate qua excutitur. ld his ignibus accidit quod arboribus quarum cacumina, si tenera sunt, ita deorsum trahi possunt ut etiam terram attingant, sed cum permiseris, in locum suum exilient. Itaque non est quod eum spectes cuiusque rei habitum qui illi non ex uoluntate est. Si ignem permittis ira quo uelit, caelum, id est leuissimi cuiusque sedem, repetet; ubi est aliquid quod eum ferat et ab impetu suo auertat, id non natura, sed seruitus eius fit.

French

Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)

On me demandera comment, lorsque nous attribuons au feu une tendance vers les régions supérieures, la foudre néanmoins se dirige vers la terre. Y a-t-il erreur dans notre énoncé ? On voit en effet le feu monter aussi bien que descendre. - Ces deux mouvements sont possibles : car le feu naturellement surgit en pyramide, et sauf obstacle, il tend à monter, comme naturellement aussi l’eau se porte en bas ; si pourtant une force étrangère intervient qui la refoule en sens contraire, elle s’élève vers le lieu même d’où elle est tombée en pluie. Ce qui fait que la foudre tombe, c’est la même puissance irrésistible qui l’a lancée. Le feu éprouve alors ce qui arrive aux arbres dont la cime encore souple peut être courbée jusqu’à toucher le sol, mais laissée à elle-même, reprend sa place tout d’un élan. Il ne faut pas considérer les choses dans un état contraire au vœu de leur nature. Laisse au feu sa direction libre, il regagnera le ciel, séjour des corps les plus légers ; si quelque chose vient à l’entraîner et à faire dévier son essor, il ne suit plus sa nature, il devient passif.

English

John Clarke · Physical Science in the Time of Nero (1910)

But how, you ask me, when you philosophers say that it is the nature of fire to rise, does the bolt seek the earth? Perhaps what you said about fire is not true? It seems to take its course down as well as up. Both my statements, I reply, may be true. Fire naturally does rise and mounts if nothing prevents it, just as water naturally gravitates downwards. But water if affected by a force which drives it uphill is pressed up in the direction from which it was precipitated in rain. In like manner the same force as launched the bolt from the cloud causes it to fall to the ground. Something of the same kind happens to these celestial fires as to trees when bent. The topmost branches if slender may be dragged down so as to touch the ground; but when you let them go, they rebound to their original position. You must not regard the condition which an object involuntarily assumes as characteristic of it. If you allow fire to go where it will, it will return to the sky, the abode of all the lightest bodies. But when there is anything to carry it down and divert it from its natural course, that is not a mark of its disposition but a token of its subjection.

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