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Seneca
Natural Questions Chapter 29
Chapter 46 of 201
Canonical reference 2.29
Latin
Latin Wikisource transcription (edition not asserted)
Praeter haec natura aptus est aer ad uoces. Quidni, cum uox nihil aliud sit quam ictus aer? Debent ergo nubes utrimque conseri, et cauae et intentae. Vides enim quanto uocaliora sint uacua quam plena, quanto intenta quam remissa. Item tympana et cymbala sonant, quia illa repugnantem ex ulteriore parte spiritum pulsant, haec et ipso oere non nisi cauo tinniunt.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
De plus, l’air est de sa nature propre à transmettre les sons. Qu’est-ce, en effet, que le son ? Rien autre chose que la percussion de l’air. Il faut donc que les nuages qui viennent à être déchirés soient creux et distendus ; car tu vois qu’il y a bien plus de sonorité dans un espace vide que dans un espace plein, dans un corps distendu que dans celui qui ne l’est pas. Ainsi, les tambours ne résonnent que parce que l’air qui réagit est repoussé contre leurs parois intérieures ; et le bruit aigu des cymbales n’est dû qu’à la compression de l’air dans leurs cavités.
English
John Clarke · Physical Science in the Time of Nero (1910)
Moreover, the atmosphere is by constitution adapted to the transmission of sound. Of necessity this is so, since sound is nothing but an impact of the atmosphere. The clouds that [as indicated] are completely rent must therefore be hollow and taut. One sees how much more resonant empty vessels are than full, and distended ones than slack. So this accounts for the sound of tambourines and cymbals; the former resound because the blow upon the air is resisted at the farther side; the latter are beaten against the air directly, but unless there were a cavity in the instrument it would not tinkle. The specific word vox = voice is used in the text.
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Spirit
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