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Seneca
Natural Questions Chapter 54
Chapter 71 of 201
Canonical reference 2.54
Latin
Latin Wikisource transcription (edition not asserted)
Nunc ad opinionem Posidonii reuertor. E terra terrenisque omnibus pars umida effiatur, pars sicca et fumida ; haec fulminibus alimentum est, illa imbribus. Quicquid in aera sicci fumosique peruenit, id includi se nubibus non fert sed rumpit claudentia ; inde est sonus quem nos tonitrum, uocamus. In ipso quoque acre quicquid extenuatur, simul siccatur et calefit ; hoc quoque, si inclusum est, aeque fugam quaerit et cum. sono euadit, ac modo uniuersum eruptionem facit eoque uehementius intonat, modo per partes et minutatim. Ergo tonitrua hic spiritus exprimit, dum aut rumpit nubes, aut peruolat ; uolutatio autem spiritus in nube conclusi ualentissimum est atterendi genus.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
Je reviens à l’opinion de Posidonius. De la terre et des corps terrestres s’exhalent des vapeurs, les unes humides, les autres sèches et semblables à la fumée : celles-ci alimentent les foudres, et celles-là les pluies. Les émanations sèches et fumeuses qui montent dans l’atmosphère ne se laissent pas enfermer dans les nuages, et brisent leurs barrières ; de là le bruit qu’on appelle tonnerre. Dans l’air même il est des molécules qui s’atténuent et qui, par là, se dessèchent et s’échauffent. Retenues captives, elles cherchent de même à fuir et se dégagent avec fracas. L’explosion est tantôt générale et accompagnée d’une violente détonation, tantôt partielle et moins sensible. L’air ainsi modifié fait qu’il tonne, soit qu’il déchire les nuages, soit qu’il vole au travers. Mais le tourbillonnement de l’air emprisonné dans la nue est la cause la plus puissante d’inflammation.
English
John Clarke · Physical Science in the Time of Nero (1910)
I will at this point revert to Posidonius’ opinion of the cause of thunder. From the earth and its confines are exhaled certain elements, partly moist, partly dry and smoke-like. The latter element remains in the sky as material for lightning, while the former falls in rain. The dry smoky particles that reach the atmosphere will not allow themselves to be enclosed in clouds, but burst their envelope. Thence comes the report which we name thunder. Besides this, anything in the atmosphere itself that is rarefied is at the same time dried and heated up. This also, if it is enclosed, seeks an exit with equal eagerness, and causes a report as it escapes. On one occasion it makes a complete burst, and the thunder is consequently the more violent; on another it escapes by degrees in small portions. Air of this kind, then, by either bursting or flying through the clouds, produces peals of thunder. The rolling of the air enclosed in a cloud is the most potent cause of setting fire to what is struck.
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Education
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Exile
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Family
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Fear
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Messiah
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Nature
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Reason
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Spirit
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Time
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