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Baruch Spinoza
Ethics, Émile Saisset’s French Translation Section section-0178
Section 178 of 300
Canonical reference section-0178
French
Émile Saisset or Paul Janet
Explication : Je sais que l’usage donne à ces mots un autre sens. Mais mon dessein est d’expliquer, non la signification des mots, mais la nature des choses, et il me suffit de désigner les passions de l’âme par des noms qui ne s’écartent pas complètement de la signification que l’usage leur a donnée ; que le lecteur en soit averti une fois pour toutes. Quant aux deux passions dont je viens de parler, j’en explique la cause dans le Corollaire 1 de la Propos. 27 et le Schol. de la Propos. 22, partie 3.
L’estime consiste à penser d’une personne plus de bien qu’il ne faut, à cause de l’amour qu’on a pour elle.
Le mépris consiste à penser d’une personne moins de bien qu’il ne faut, à cause de la haine qu’on a pour elle.
Explication : L’estime est donc un effet ou une propriété de l’amour, et le mépris a le même rapport avec la haine. On peut donc définir ainsi l’estime : L’estime, c’est l’amour en tant qu’il dispose l’homme à penser de l’objet aimé plus de bien qu’il ne faut ; et le mépris, au contraire, c’est la haine en tant qu’elle dispose l’homme à penser de l’objet haï moins de bien qu’il ne faut. (Voy. sur tout cela le Schol. de la Propos. 26, partie 3.).
L’envie, c’est la haine, en tant qu’elle dispose l’homme à s’attrister du bonheur d’autrui, et au contraire à se réjouir de son malheur.
Explication : A l’envie on oppose communément la miséricorde, laquelle peut donc se définir ainsi, en dépit de la signification du mot.
La miséricorde, c’est l’amour en tant qu’il dispose l’homme à se réjouir du bien d’autrui et à s’attrister de son malheur.
Explication : Voyez sur l’envie le Schol. de la Propos. 24, et le Schol. de la Propos. 32, partie 3. Les diverses affections de joie et de tristesse que je viens de définir sont toutes accompagnées de l’idée d’une chose extérieure, comme cause immédiate ou accidentelle. Je passe maintenant à des affections accompagnées de l’idée d’une chose intérieure comme cause.
La paix intérieure est un sentiment de joie qui provient de ce que l’homme contemple son être et sa puissance d’agir.
L’humilité est un sentiment de tristesse qui provient de ce que l’homme contemple son impuissance et sa faiblesse.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Explanation: I know that usage gives these words another meaning. But my purpose is to explain, not the meaning of words, but the nature of things, and it is enough for me to designate the passions of the mind by names that do not depart entirely from the meaning usage has given them. Let the reader be warned of this once and for all. As for the two passions of which I have just spoken, I explain their cause in Corollary 1 to Prop. 27 and the Schol. to Prop. 22, Part 3.
Overestimation consists in thinking better of a person than one should, because of the love one has for him.
Disparagement consists in thinking less well of a person than one should, because of the hatred one has for him.
Explanation: Overestimation is therefore an effect or property of love, and disparagement has the same relation to hatred. Overestimation may therefore be defined as follows: Overestimation is love insofar as it disposes a man to think better of the beloved object than he should; and disparagement, conversely, is hatred insofar as it disposes a man to think less well of the hated object than he should. (On all this, see the Schol. to Prop. 26, Part 3.)
Envy is hatred insofar as it disposes a man to be saddened by another's happiness and, conversely, to rejoice in his misfortune.
Explanation: Compassion is commonly opposed to envy, and may therefore be defined as follows, despite the meaning of the word.
Compassion is love insofar as it disposes a man to rejoice in another's good and to be saddened by his misfortune.
Explanation: On envy, see the Schol. to Prop. 24 and the Schol. to Prop. 32, Part 3. The various affections of joy and sadness I have just defined are all accompanied by the idea of an external thing as their immediate or accidental cause. I now pass to affections accompanied by the idea of an internal thing as their cause.
Inward peace is a feeling of joy arising from man's contemplation of his being and his power of acting.
Humility is a feeling of sadness arising from man's contemplation of his impotence and weakness.
Concepts in this passage
Adequate idea
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Affects
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Attribute
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Care of the soul
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Conatus
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Faith
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Family
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Freedom
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Humility
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Impressions and assent
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Intellectual love of God
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Love
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Mercy
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Mode
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Nature
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Necessity
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Peace
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Power to act
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Substance
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Suffering
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Time
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Wisdom
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Worship
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