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Baruch Spinoza
Ethics, Émile Saisset’s French Translation Section section-0235
Section 235 of 300
Canonical reference section-0235
French
Émile Saisset or Paul Janet
Démonstration : En effet, la pitié est une sorte de tristesse (par la Déf. 18 des pass.), et partant elle est, de soi, mauvaise (par la Propos. 41, part. 4). Quant au bien qui en résulte, je veux dire celui que nous faisons en nous efforçant de délivrer de sa misère l’objet de notre pitié (par le Coroll. 3 de la propos. 27, part. 3), la raison seule nous porte à désirer de l’accomplir (par la Propos. 37, part. 4), et ce n’est même que par la raison (par la propos. 27, part. 4) que nous pouvons faire le bien, en sachant certainement que nous faisons le bien ; d’où il suit que la pitié est, de soi, mauvaise et inutile dans une âme qui vit selon la raison.
Corollaire : Il résulte aussi de là que celui qui vit selon la raison s’efforce, autant qu’il est en lui, de ne pas être touché par la pitié.
Scholie : Celui qui a bien compris que toutes choses résultent de la nécessité de la nature divine, et se font suivant les lois et les règles éternelles de la nature, ne rencontrera jamais rien qui soit digne de haine, de moquerie ou de mépris, et personne ne lui inspirera jamais de pitié ; il s’efforcera toujours au contraire, autant que le comporte l’humaine vertu, de bien agir et, comme on dit, de se tenir en joie. J’ajoute que l’homme qui est aisément touché de pitié et remué par la misère ou les larmes d’autrui agit souvent de telle sorte qu’il en éprouve ensuite du regret ; ce qui s’explique, soit parce que nous ne faisons jamais le bien avec certitude quand c’est la passion qui nous conduit, soit encore parce que nous sommes aisément trompés par de fausses larmes. Il est expressément entendu que je parle ici de l’homme qui vit selon la raison. Car si un homme n’est jamais conduit, ni par la raison, ni par la pitié, à venir au secours d’autrui, il mérite assurément le nom d’inhumain, puisqu’il ne garde plus avec l’homme aucune ressemblance (par la Propos. 27, part. 3).
Un penchant favorable pour une personne n’est pas contraire à la raison ; il peut s’accorder avec et en provenir.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Demonstration: Indeed, pity is a kind of sadness (by Def. 18 of the passions), and therefore is in itself evil (by Prop. 41, part 4). As for the good resulting from it, I mean the good we do by striving to deliver the object of our pity from his misery (by Coroll. 3 to Prop. 27, part 3), reason alone leads us to desire to accomplish it (by Prop. 37, part 4), and it is only by reason (by Prop. 27, part 4) that we can do good while knowing with certainty that we are doing good. It follows that pity is, in itself, evil and useless in a mind that lives according to reason.
Corollary: It also follows from this that he who lives according to reason strives, as far as lies in him, not to be moved by pity.
Scholium: He who has rightly understood that all things result from the necessity of the divine nature and occur according to the eternal laws and rules of nature will never encounter anything worthy of hatred, mockery, or contempt, and no one will ever inspire pity in him. On the contrary, he will always strive, as far as human virtue permits, to act well and, as they say, to remain joyful. I add that the man who is easily moved by pity and stirred by another's misery or tears often acts in such a way that he afterward regrets it. This is explained either because we never do good with certainty when passion guides us, or because we are easily deceived by false tears. It is expressly understood that I am speaking here of the man who lives according to reason. For if a man is never led, either by reason or by pity, to come to another's aid, he certainly deserves to be called inhuman, since he no longer retains any resemblance to man (by Prop. 27, part 3).
A favorable disposition toward a person is not contrary to reason; it can accord with reason and arise from it.
Concepts in this passage
Adequate idea
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Affects
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Attribute
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Care of the soul
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Conatus
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Desire
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Family
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Freedom
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Moral rightness and utility
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Intellectual love of God
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Law
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Liberation
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Mode
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Nature
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Necessity
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Power to act
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Reason
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Substance
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Suffering
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Virtue
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War and peace
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