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Baruch Spinoza
Spinoza’s Correspondence: Spinoza-Authored Letters, English Manifestation Section section-0044
Section 44 of 114
Canonical reference section-0044
English
R. H. M. Elwes
You think, as far as I can judge, that God takes pleasure in our actions, as though He
were a man, who has attained his object, when things fall out as he desired. For my
part, have I not said plainly enough, that the good worship God, that in continually
serving Him they become more perfect, and that they love God? Is this, I ask, likening
them to beasts, or saying that they perish like beasts, or that their actions are
displeasing to God? If you had read my letter with more attention, you would have
clearly perceived, that our whole dissension lies in the following alternative: - Either
the perfections which the good receive are imparted to them by God in His capacity of
God, that is absolutely without any human qualities being ascribed to Him - this is
what I believe; or else such perfections are imparted by God as a judge, which is what
you maintain. For this reason you defend the wicked, saying that they carry out God’s
decrees as far as in them lies, and therefore serve God no less than the good. But if my
doctrine be accepted, this consequence by no means follows; I do not bring in the idea
of God as a judge, and, therefore, I estimate an action by its intrinsic merits, not by
the powers of its performer; the recompense which follows the action follows from it
as necessarily as from the nature of a triangle it follows, that the three angles are equal
to two right angles. This may be understood by everyone, who reflects on the fact,
that our highest blessedness consists in love towards God, and that such love flows
naturally from the knowledge of God, which is so strenuously enjoined on us. The
question may very easily be proved in general terms, if we take notice of the nature of
God’s decrees, as explained in my appendix. However, I confess that all those, who
confuse the divine nature with human nature, are gravely hindered from
understanding it.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Vous pensez, autant que j’en puis juger, que Dieu prend plaisir à nos actions, comme un homme qui a atteint son but lorsque les choses se produisent comme il le désirait. Pour ma part, n’ai-je pas dit assez clairement que les bons rendent un culte à Dieu, qu’en le servant continuellement ils deviennent plus parfaits, et qu’ils aiment Dieu ? Est-ce là, je le demande, les assimiler aux bêtes, dire qu’ils périssent comme les bêtes, ou que leurs actions déplaisent à Dieu ? Si vous aviez lu ma lettre avec plus d’attention, vous auriez clairement perçu que tout notre désaccord réside dans l’alternative suivante : ou bien les perfections que les bons reçoivent leur sont communiquées par Dieu en sa qualité de Dieu, c’est-à-dire absolument, sans qu’aucune qualité humaine lui soit attribuée, et c’est ce que je crois ; ou bien ces perfections sont communiquées par Dieu en tant que juge, ce que vous soutenez. Pour cette raison, vous défendez les méchants, en disant qu’ils exécutent les décrets de Dieu autant qu’il est en eux et, par conséquent, ne servent pas Dieu moins que les bons. Mais si l’on accepte ma doctrine, cette conséquence ne s’ensuit nullement. Je n’introduis pas l’idée de Dieu comme juge et j’estime donc une action selon ses mérites intrinsèques, non selon les pouvoirs de celui qui l’accomplit. La récompense qui suit l’action en découle aussi nécessairement qu’il découle de la nature d’un triangle que ses trois angles sont égaux à deux angles droits. Cela peut être compris par quiconque réfléchit au fait que notre béatitude suprême consiste dans l’amour envers Dieu, et que cet amour découle naturellement de la connaissance de Dieu qui nous est si instamment prescrite. La question peut très facilement être démontrée en termes généraux, si nous prenons en considération la nature des décrets de Dieu, telle que je l’ai expliquée dans mon appendice. Cependant, j’avoue que tous ceux qui confondent la nature divine avec la nature humaine sont gravement empêchés de la comprendre.
Concepts in this passage
Attribute
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Desire
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Education
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Faith
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Family
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Freedom
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God
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Judgment
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Knowledge
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Love
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Mindfulness
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Mode
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Nature
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Necessity
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Pleasure
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Reason
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Service
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Sin
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Substance
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War and peace
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Worship
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