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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 6
Section 469 of 882
Canonical reference 2.2.6
Ancient Greek
αἴτιον δὲ τῆς ἡδονῆς τοῖς ὑβρίζουσιν, ὅτι οἴονται κακῶς δρῶντες αὐτοὶ ὑπερέχειν μᾶλλον (διὸ οἱ νέοι καὶ οἱ πλούσιοι ὑβρισταί· ὑπερέχειν γὰρ οἴονται ὑβρίζοντες)· ὕβρεως δὲ ἀτιμία, ὁ δʼ ἀτιμάζων ὀλιγωρεῖ· τὸ γὰρ μηδενὸς ἄξιον οὐδεμίαν ἔχει τιμήν, οὔτε ἀγαθοῦ οὔτε κακοῦ· διὸ λέγει ὀργιζόμενος ὁ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἠτίμησεν· ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς Hom. Il. 1.356 καὶ ὡς εἴ τινʼ ἀτίμητον μετανάστην, Hom. Il. 9.648
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
The cause of the pleasure felt by those who insult is the idea that, in ill-treating others, they are more fully showing superiority. That is why the young and the wealthy are given to insults; for they think that, in committing them, they are showing their superiority. Dishonor is characteristic of insult; and one who dishonors another slights him; for that which is worthless has no value, either as good or evil. Hence Achilles in his wrath exclaims: He has dishonored me, since he keeps the prize he has taken for himself, and [has treated me] like a dishonored vagrant,
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
La cause du plaisir éprouvé par ceux qui insultent est l’idée qu’en maltraitant les autres, ils manifestent plus pleinement leur supériorité. C’est pourquoi les jeunes et les riches sont portés aux insultes ; car ils pensent qu’en les commettant, ils manifestent leur supériorité. Le déshonneur est caractéristique de l’insulte ; et celui qui déshonore autrui le méprise ; car ce qui est sans valeur n’a aucune valeur, ni en bien ni en mal. De là vient qu’Achille, dans sa colère, s’écrie : Il m’a déshonoré, puisqu’il garde pour lui le prix qu’il m’a enlevé, et [m’a traité] comme un vagabond privé d’honneur,
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Fear
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Justice
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Pleasure
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Sin
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