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Cicero
On Fate Passage 23
Passage 23 of 48
Canonical reference 23
Latin
perseus-cicero-de_fato-lat
Hanc Epicurus rationem induxit ob eam rem, quod veritus est, ne, si semper atomus gravitate ferretur naturali ac necessaria, nihil liberum nobis esset, cum ita moveretur animus, ut atomorum motu cogeretur. Id Democritus, auctor atomorum, accipere maluit, necessitate omnia fieri, quam a corporibus individuis naturalis motus avellere. Acutius Carneades, qui docebat posse Epicureos suam causam sine hac commenticia declinatione defendere. Nam cum docerent esse posse quendam animi motum voluntarium, id fuit defendi melius quam introducere declinationem, cuius praesertim causam reperire non possent; quo defenso facile Chrysippo possent resistere. Cum enim concessissent motum nullum esse sine causa, non concederent omnia, quae fierent, fieri causis antecedentibus; voluntatis enim nostrae non esse causas externas et antecedentis.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Epicurus introduced this account because he feared that, if the atom were always carried by natural and necessary gravity, nothing would be free in us, since the mind would move as it was compelled by the motion of atoms. Democritus, the originator of atoms, preferred to accept that everything happens by necessity rather than tear their natural motion away from indivisible bodies. Carneades was more acute. He taught that the Epicureans could defend their cause without this fictitious swerve. Since they taught that there could be a certain voluntary motion of the mind, it was better to defend that claim than to introduce a swerve for which, especially, they could discover no cause. Having defended it, they could easily resist Chrysippus. For although they would concede that no motion occurs without a cause, they would not concede that everything which happens occurs from antecedent causes, since our will has no external and antecedent causes.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Épicure introduisit ce raisonnement parce qu’il craignait que, si l’atome était toujours entraîné par une pesanteur naturelle et nécessaire, nous ne possédions aucune liberté, notre esprit étant contraint de se mouvoir selon le mouvement des atomes. Démocrite, auteur de la théorie atomique, préféra accepter que tout arrive nécessairement plutôt que de retirer aux corps indivisibles leurs mouvements naturels. Carnéade fut plus pénétrant: il enseignait que les épicuriens pouvaient défendre leur cause sans cette déclinaison imaginaire. Puisqu’ils enseignaient qu’il peut exister un mouvement volontaire de l’esprit, il valait mieux défendre cette thèse qu’introduire une déclinaison dont, surtout, ils ne pouvaient trouver la cause. En la défendant, ils pouvaient aisément résister à Chrysippe. Tout en accordant qu’aucun mouvement n’est sans cause, ils n’accorderaient pas que tous les événements procèdent de causes antécédentes; car notre volonté n’a pas de causes externes et antécédentes.
Concepts in this passage
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Freedom
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Nature
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Reason
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