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Cicero
On Fate Passage 31
Passage 31 of 48
Canonical reference 31
Latin
perseus-cicero-de_fato-lat
Carneades genus hoc totum non probabat et nimis inconsiderate concludi hanc rationem putabat. Itaque premebat alio modo nec ullam adhibebat calumniam; cuius erat haec conclusio: Si omnia antecedentibus causis fiunt, omnia naturali conligatione conserte contexteque fiunt; quod si ita est, omnia necessitas efficit; id si verum est, nihil est in nostra potestate; est autem aliquid in nostra potestate; at, si omnia fato fiunt, omnia causis antecedentibus fiunt; non igitur fato fiunt, quaecumque fiunt.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Carneades did not approve this entire class of argument and thought that this reasoning was concluded too heedlessly. He therefore pressed the issue in another way and employed no sophistry. His conclusion was this: If everything happens from antecedent causes, everything happens through a natural linkage, interconnected and interwoven. If this is so, necessity produces everything. If that is true, nothing is within our power. But something is within our power. Yet if everything happens by fate, everything happens from antecedent causes. Therefore not everything that happens happens by fate.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Carnéade désapprouvait entièrement cette sorte de raisonnement et jugeait qu’on concluait avec trop peu de réflexion. Il pressait donc l’adversaire d’une autre manière, sans recourir à aucun artifice. Voici sa conclusion: « Si tout arrive sous l’effet de causes antécédentes, tout arrive selon un enchaînement naturel, dans une liaison et une continuité réciproques. S’il en est ainsi, tout est produit par la nécessité. Si cela est vrai, rien ne dépend de nous. Or quelque chose dépend de nous. Mais si tout arrive par le destin, tout arrive sous l’effet de causes antécédentes. Tout ce qui arrive n’arrive donc pas par le destin. »
Concepts in this passage
Freedom
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Nature
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Reason
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