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Seneca
On the Happy Life Chapter 22
Chapter 22 of 28
Canonical reference 22
Latin
Perseus canonical Latin TEI
Quid autem dubii est, quin haec maior materia sapienti viro sit animum explicandi suum in divitiis quam in paupertate, quom in hac unum genus virtutis sit non inclinari nec deprimi, in divitiis et temperantia et liberalitas et diligentia et dispositio et magnificentia campum habeat patentem ? Non contemnet se sapiens, etiam si fuerit minimae staturae, esse tamen se procerum volet. Et exilis corpore aut amisso oculo valebit, malet tamen sibi esse corporis robur, et hoc ita, ut sciat esse aliud in se valentius. Malam valetudinem tolerabit, bonam optabit. Quaedam enim, etiam si in summam rei parva sunt et subduci sine ruina principalis boni possunt, adiciunt tamen aliquid ad perpetuam laetitiam ex virtute nascentem. Sic illum adficiunt divitiae et exhilarant, ut navigantem secundus et ferens ventus, ut dies bonus et in bruma ac frigore apricus locus. Quis porro sapientium - nostrorum dico, quibus unum est bonum virtus - negat etiam haec, quae indifferentia vocamus, habere aliquid in se pretii et alia esse potiora ? Quibusdam ex iis tribuitur aliquid honoris, quibusdam multum. Ne erres itaque, inter potiora divitiae sunt. " Quid ergo," inquis, " me derides, cum eundem apud te locum habeant, quem apud me ? " Vis scire, quam non eundem habeant locum ? Mihi divitiae si effluxerint, nihil auferent nisi semet ipsas, tu stupebis et videberis tibi sine te relictus, si illae a te recesserint; apud me divitiae aliquem locum habent, apud te summum ; ad postremum divitiae meae sunt, tu divitiarum es.
English
Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)
Who can doubt, however, that the wise man, if he is rich, has a wider field for the development of his powers than if he is poor, seeing that in the latter case the only virtue which he can display is that of neither being perverted nor crushed by his poverty, whereas if he has riches, he will have a wide field for the exhibition of temperance, generosity, laboriousness, methodical arrangement, and grandeur. The wise man will not despise himself, however short of stature he may be, but nevertheless he will wish to be tall: even though he be feeble and one-eyed he may be in good health, yet he would prefer to have bodily strength, and that too, while he knows all the while that he has something which is even more powerful: he will endure illness, and will hope for good health: for some things, though they may be trifles compared with the sum total, and though they may be taken away without destroying the chief good, yet add somewhat to that constant cheerfulness which arises from virtue. Riches encourage and brighten up such a man just as a sailor is delighted at a favourable wind that bears him on his way, or as people feel pleasure at a fine day or at a sunny spot in the cold weather. What wise man, I mean of our school, whose only good is virtue, can deny that even these matters which we call neither good nor bad have in themselves a certain value, and that some of them are preferable to others? to some of them we show a certain amount of respect, and to some a great deal. Do not, then, make any mistake: riches belong to the class of desirable things. “Why then,” say you, “do you laugh at me, since you place them in the same position that I do?” Do you wish to know how different the position is in which we place them? If my riches leave me, they will carry away with them nothing except themselves: you will be bewildered and will seem to be left without yourself if they should pass away from you: with me riches occupy a certain place, but with you they occupy the highest place of all. In fine, my riches belong to me, you belong to your riches.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
Eh ! qui doute que pour le sage il n’y ait plus ample matière à déployer son âme dans la richesse que dans la pauvreté ? Toute la vertu de celle-ci est de ne point plier ni s’abattre ; dans l’autre, la tempérance, la libéralité, l’esprit d’ordre, l’économie, la magnificence ont un champ vaste et libre. Le sage ne se méprisera point, quand il serait de taille exiguë ; toutefois il en voudrait une grande : avec un corps grêle, et privé d’un œil, il peut se bien porter : il aimera mieux pourtant avoir aussi la vigueur physique. Il désirera ces avantages sans oublier qu’il a en lui quelque chose de plus fort que tout cela : il saura souffrir la mauvaise santé tout en souhaitant la bonne. Car il est des choses qui, bien que n’ajoutant guère à la somme du bonheur, et pouvant disparaître sans en amener la chute, contribuent néanmoins quelque peu à cette satisfaction que la vertu perpétue, comme elle l’a fait naître. Les richesses sont au sage ce qu’est au navigateur un bon vent qui l’égaye et facilite sa course, ce qu’est un beau jour, et, par un temps brumeux et froid, une plage que réchauffe le soleil. Et après tout, quel sage, je veux dire des nôtres, pour lesquels la vertu est le seul bien, voudra nier que les objets même appelés par nous indifférents aient au fond quelque prix et que les uns soient à préférer aux autres ? Il en est dont on fait certain cas ; il en est que l’on prise fort haut. Ne nous abusons point : la richesse est de ceux qu’on doit préférer. « Pourquoi donc me railler, s’écriera quelqu’un, quand chez toi elles tiennent le même rang que chez moi ? - Veux-tu savoir combien je suis loin de leur donner ce rang ? À moi les richesses, si elles m’échappent des mains, ne m’enlèveront rien qu’elles-mêmes ; toi, atterré du coup, tu croiras te survivre et te manquer tout ensemble, si elles se retirent de toi. Chez moi les richesses ont quelque place ; elles ont chez toi la plus haute ; pour tout dire, elles m’appartiennent, toi tu leur appartiens.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Courage
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Desire
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Ether and field
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Exile
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Faith
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Family
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Hope
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Justice
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Knowledge
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Law
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Love
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Messiah
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Mindfulness
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Philosophical eros
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Pleasure
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Poverty and wealth
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Self-governance
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Sin
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Spirit
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Suffering
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Time
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Virtue
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Virtue as the only good
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Wisdom
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