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Seneca
On the Happy Life Chapter 25
Chapter 25 of 28
Canonical reference 25
Latin
Perseus canonical Latin TEI
Quid ergo sit, quare illas non in bonis numerem, et quid praestem in illis aliud quam vos, quoniam inter utrosque convenit habendas, audite. Pone in opulentissima me domo, pone aurum argentumque ubi in promiscuo usu sit ; non suspiciam me ob ista, quae etiam si apud me, extra me tamen sunt. In sublicium pontem me transfer et inter egentes abice ; non ideo tamen me despiciam, quod in illorum numero consedero, qui manum ad stipem porrigunt. Quid enim ad rem, an frustum panis desit, cui non deest mori posse ? Quid ergo est ? Domum illam splendidam malo quam pontem. Pone in instrumentis splendentibus et delicato apparatu; nihilo me feliciorem credam, quod mihi molle erit amiculum, quod purpura convivis meis substernetur. Muta stragula mea ; nihilo miserius ero, si lassa cervix mea in maniculo faeni adquiescet, si super Circense tomentum per sarturas veteris lintei effluens incubabo. Quid ergo est ? Malo, quid mihi animi sit, ostendere praetextatus et calceatus quam nudis scapulis aut sectis plantis. Omnes mihi ex voto dies cedant, novae gratulationes prioribus subtexantur ; non ob hoc mihi placebo. Muta in contrarium hanc indulgentiam temporis, hinc illinc percutiatur animus damno, luctu, incursionibus varis, nulla hora sine aliqua querella sit ; non ideo me dicam inter miserrima miserum, non ideo aliquem execrabor diem ; provisum est enim a me, ne quis mihi ater dies esset. Quid ergo est ? Malo gaudia temperare, quam dolores compescere.” Hoc tibi ille Socrates dicet : Fac me victorem universarum gentium, delicatus ille Liberi currus triumphantem usque ad Thebas a solis ortu vehat, iura reges nationum petant a me; hominem esse maxime cogitabo, cum deus undique consalutabor. Huic tam sublimi fastigio coniunge protinus praecipitem mutationem; in alienum imponar fericulum exornaturus victoris superbi ae feri pompam ; non humilior sub alieno curru agar quam in meo steteram. Quid ergo est ? Vincere tamen quam capi malo. Totum fortunae regnum despiciam, sed ex illo, si dabitur electio, meliora sumam. Quicquid ad me venerit, bonum fiet, sed malo faciliora ac iucundiora veniant et minus vexatura tractantem. Non est enim, quod existimes ullam esse sine labore virtutem, sed quaedam virtutes stimulis, quaedam frenis egent. Quemadmodum corpus in proclivi retineri debet, adversus ardua impelli, ita quaedam virtutes in proclivi sunt, quaedam clivum subeunt. An dubium sit, quin escendat, nitatur, obluctetur patientia, fortitudo, perseverantia et quaecumque alia duris opposita virtus est et fortunam subigit ? Quid ergo ? Non aeque manifestum est per devexum ire liberalitatem, temperantiam, mansuetudinem ? In his continemus animum, ne prolabatur, in illis exhortamur incitamusque acerrime. Ergo paupertati adhibebimus illas, quae pugnare sciunt, fortiores, divitiis illas diligentiores, quae suspensum gradum ponunt et pondus suum sustinent. Cum hoc ita divisum sit, malo has in usu mihi esse, quae exercendae tranquillius sunt, quam eas, quarum experimentum sanguis et sudor est. " Ergo non ego aliter," inquit sapiens, " vivo quam loquor, sed vos aliter auditis ; sonus tantummodo verborum ad aures vestras pervenit : quid significent non quaeritis."
English
Aubrey Stewart · Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)
Learn, then, since we both agree that they are desirable, what my reason is amongst counting them among good things, and in what respects I should behave differently to you if I possessed them. Place me as master in the house of a very rich man: place me where gold and silver plate is used for the commonest purposes; I shall not think more of myself because of things which even though they are in my house are yet no part of me. Take me away to the wooden bridge and put me down there among the beggars: I shall not despise myself because I am sitting among those who hold out their hands for alms: for what can the lack of a piece of bread matter to one who does not lack the power of dying? Well, then? I prefer the magnificent house to the beggar’s bridge. Place me among magnificent furniture and all the appliances of luxury: I shall not think myself any happier because my cloak is soft, because my guests rest upon purple. Change the scene: I shall be no more miserable if my weary head rests upon a bundle of hay, if I lie upon a cushion from the circus, with all the stuffing on the point of coming out through its patches of threadbare cloth. Well, then? I prefer, as far as my feelings go, to show myself in public dressed in woollen and in robes of office, rather than with naked or half-covered shoulders: I should like every day’s business to turn out just as I wish it to do, and new congratulations to be constantly following upon the former ones: yet I will not pride myself upon this: change all this good fortune for its opposite, let my spirit be distracted by losses, grief, various kinds of attacks: let no hour pass without some dispute: I shall not on this account, though beset by the greatest miseries, call myself the most miserable of beings, nor shall I curse any particular day, for I have taken care to have no unlucky days. What, then, is the upshot of all this? it is that I prefer to have to regulate joys than to stifle sorrows. The great Socrates would say the same thing to you. “Make me,” he would say, “the conqueror of all nations: let the voluptuous car of Bacchus bear me in triumph to Thebes from the rising of the sun: let the kings of the Persians receive laws from me: yet I shall feel myself to be a man at the very moment when all around salute me as a God. Straightway connect this lofty height with a headlong fall into misfortune: let me be placed upon a foreign chariot that I may grace the triumph of a proud and savage conqueror: I will follow another’s car with no more humility than I showed when I stood in my own. What then? In spite of all this, I had rather be a conqueror than a captive. I despise the whole dominion of Fortune, but still, if I were given my choice, I would choose its better parts. I shall make whatever befals me become a good thing, but I prefer that what befals me should be comfortable and pleasant and unlikely to cause me annoyance: for you need not suppose that any virtue exists without labour, but some virtues need spurs, while others need the curb. As we have to check our body on a downward path, and to urge it to climb a steep one; so also the path of some virtues leads down hill, that of others uphill. Can we doubt that patience, courage, constancy, and all the other virtues which have to meet strong opposition, and to trample Fortune under their feet, are climbing, struggling, winning their way up a steep ascent? Why! is it not equally evident that generosity, moderation, and gentleness glide easily downhill? With the latter we must hold in our spirit, lest it run away with us: with the former we must urge and spur it on. We ought, therefore, to apply these energetic, combative virtues to poverty, and to riches those other more thrifty ones which trip lightly along, and merely support their own weight. This being the distinction between them, I would rather have to deal with those which I could practise in comparative quiet, than those of which one can only make trial through blood and sweat. “Wherefore,” says the sage, “I do not talk one way and live another: but you do not rightly understand what I say: the sound of my words alone reaches your ears, you do not try to find out their meaning.”
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
« Pourquoi est-ce donc que je ne les compte pas au nombre des biens, et que fais-je avec elles de mieux que vous, quand nous convenons, vous et moi, qu’on peut les avoir ? Le voici : placez-moi dans la plus opulente maison, en un lieu où l’or et l’argent soient de l’usage le plus commun, je ne m’enorgueillirai pas de ces choses qui, bien qu’étant chez moi, n’en seront pas moins hors de moi. Transportez-moi sur le pont Sublicius , jetez-moi parmi les nécessiteux : je ne me mépriserai pas pour me voir assis aux côtés de ceux qui tendent la main vers l’aumône. Car qu’importe qu’on manque d’un morceau de pain, quand le pouvoir de mourir ne manque pas ? Que dirai-je pourtant ? Que cette maison opulente je la préfère au pont Sublicius. Entourez-moi d’un attirail splendide et des recherches de la mollesse, je ne m’en croirai nullement plus heureux pour avoir un manteau moelleux et dans mes festins la pourpre pour lit, tout comme je ne serai en rien plus à plaindre, si je n’ai qu’une poignée de foin pour reposer ma tête fatiguée, et pour dormir qu’un paillasson du cirque dont la bourre s’échappe par les reprises d’une vieille toile. Que dirai-je encore ? Que j’aime mieux montrer ma valeur morale sous la prétexte ou la chlamyde que les épaules nues ou à demi couvertes. Que tous mes jours s’écoulent à souhait, que des félicitations nouvelles s’enchaînent aux précédentes félicitations, je ne m’en ferai pas accroire pour cela. Changez en rigueur cette indulgence du sort : que de toutes parts mon âme ait à subir des pertes, des chagrins, des assauts de tout genre ; que chaque heure m’apporte son sujet de plainte, non, au milieu des plus grandes misères je ne me dirai pas misérable ; non, je ne maudirai aucun de mes jours : j’ai pourvu à ce qu’il n’y en ait point de néfaste pour moi. Que vous dirai-je pourtant ? que j’aimerais mieux avoir à tempérer mes joies qu’à maîtriser mes douleurs. Voici ce que vous dira le grand Socrate : « Faites-moi vainqueur de toutes les nations ; que le voluptueux char de Bacchus me promène triomphant jusqu’à Thèbes depuis les lieux où naît le jour ; que les rois perses me demandent mes lois, je ne me souviendrai jamais mieux que je suis homme qu’à ce moment où toutes les voix me salueront dieu. De ce faîte de gloire précipitez-moi par un brusque retour sur le brancard ennemi pour orner la pompe d’un triomphateur cruel et superbe, on ne me traînera pas plus humilié sous son char que quand j’étais debout sur le mien . » Que vous dirai-je pourtant ? J’aimerais mieux être vainqueur que captif. Tout le domaine de la Fortune, je le dédaignerai ; mais de ce domaine, si on me donne le choix, je prendrai ce qu’il a de plus doux. Tout ce qui m’adviendra se transformera en bien ; mais je préfère des éléments plus faciles, plus agréables, moins rudes à mettre en œuvre. Car ne croyez pas qu’aucune vertu soit exempte de travail : seulement les unes ont besoin d’aiguillon, comme les autres de frein. De même que sur une descente il faut au corps une force qui le retienne, et, pour monter, une impulsion ; ainsi certaines vertus suivent un plan incliné, d’autres gravissent laborieusement. Doutez-vous qu’il y ait ascension, effort, lutte opiniâtre dans la patience, le courage, la persévérance, dans toute vertu qui fait face aux dures épreuves de la vie et qui dompte le sort ? Et, d’autre part, n’est-il pas manifeste que la libéralité, la modération, la mansuétude ne font qu’aller sur une pente ? Là nous retenons notre âme qui pourrait glisser trop avant : ailleurs nous l’exhortons, nous la stimulons. Ainsi nous emploierons en présence de la pauvreté les plus énergiques vertus, celles chez qui les attaques augmentent le courage ; et nous réserverons à la richesse les plus soigneuses, qui vont d’un pas circonspect et savent tenir leur équilibre.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Almsgiving and charity
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Courage
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Desire
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Education
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Ether and field
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Exile
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Faith
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Family
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Fortune
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Friendship
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God
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Humility
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Justice
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Law
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Love
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Messiah
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Mode
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Necessity
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Steadfast patience
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Philosophical eros
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Philosophical training
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Pleasure
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Poverty and wealth
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Salvation
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Self-governance
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Service
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Sin
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Spirit
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Suffering
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Time
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Tranquillity
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Virtue
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War and peace
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Wisdom
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