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Seneca
Natural Questions Chapter 1
Chapter 18 of 201
Canonical reference 2.1
Latin
Latin Wikisource transcription (edition not asserted)
Omnis de uniuerso quaestio in caelestia, sublimia, et terreae diuiditur. Prima pars naturam siderum scrutatur, et magnitudinem, et formam ignium, quibus mundus includitur : solidumne sit coelum, ac firmae concretaeque materiae, an ex subtili tenuique nexum ; agatur, an agat ; et infra se sidera habeat, an in contextu sui fixa ; quemadmodum sol anni uices seruet; an retro flectat : cetera deinceps his similia. Secunda pars tractat inter coelum terramque uersantia. Haec sont nubila, imbres, niues, et Ç humanas motura tonitrua mentes; È quaecumque aer facit patiturue. Haec sublimia dicimus, quia editiora imis sunt. Tertia illa pars de agris, terris, arbustis, satis, quaerit, et, ut iurisconsultorum uerbo utar, de omnibus quae solo continentur. Quomodo, inquis, de terrarum motu quaestionem eo posuisti loco, quo de tonitruis fulgoribusque dicturus? Quia, cum motus terrae fiat spiritu, spiritus autem sit aer agitatus, etsi subeat terras, non ibi spectandus est : cogitetur in ea sede, in qua illum natura disposuit. Dicam, quod magis uidebitur mirum : inter coelestia et de terra dicendum erit. Quare? inquis ; quia cum propria terrae excutimus suo loco, utrum lata sit, et inaequalis, et enormiter proiecta, an tota in formam pilae spectet, et in orbem partes suas cogat; alliget aquas, an aquis alligetur ipsa; animal sit, an iners corpus et sine sensu, plenum quidem spiritus, sed alieni ; et cetera huiusmodi quoties in manus uenerint, terram sequentur, et in imis collocabuntur. At ubi quaeretur, quis terrae sit situs, qua parte mundi subsederit, quomodo aduersus sidera coelumque posita sit, haec quaestio cedit superioribus, et, ut ita dicam, meliorem conditionem sequitur.
French
Joseph Baillard · Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)
L’étude complète de l’univers se divise en trois parties : le ciel, la région météorique et la terre. La première considère la nature des astres, leur grandeur, la forme des feux qui circonscrivent le monde ; si le ciel est un corps solide, une matière ferme et compacte, ou un tissu de molécules subtiles et ténues ; s’il reçoit ou donne le mouvement ; s’il a les astres au-dessous de lui, ou adhérents à sa propre substance ; comment le soleil règle le retour des saisons ; s’il revient sur ses pas ; et bien d’autres questions de ce genre. La seconde partie traite des phénomènes qui se passent entre le ciel et la terre. Tels sont les nuages, les pluies, les neiges, et la foudre aux humains apportant l'épouvante , et tout ce que l’air subit et opère de variations. Nous appelons cette région météorique, parce qu’elle est plus élevée que le globe. La troisième partie s’occupe des champs, des terres, des arbres, des plantes, et, pour parler comme les jurisconsultes, de tout ce qui tient au sol. Pourquoi, diras-tu, placer la question des tremblements de terre à l’endroit où tu parleras des tonnerres et des éclairs ? Parce que les tremblements de terre étant produits par le vent, qui n’est que l’air agité, quoique cet air circule souterrainement, ce n’est pas à ce point de vue qu’il faut le considérer. Il faut le voir par la pensée en la place où la nature l’a mis. Je dirai même, ce qui semblera plus étrange, qu’à propos du ciel on devra parler aussi de la terre. Tu demandes pourquoi ? Le voici : quand nous examinons en leur lieu les questions propres à la terre, si elle est un plan large, inégal et indéfini, ou si elle affecte la forme d’une boule et ramène toutes ses parties à la sphère ; si elle enchaîne les eaux, ou si elle est enchaînée par elles ; si c’est un être vivant, ou une masse inerte et insensible, pleine d’un souffle vital, mais d’un souffle étranger ; quand tous ces points et d’autres semblables viennent à leur tour de , ils rentrent dans l’histoire de la terre, et sont rejetés à la troisième partie. Mais quand on se demande quelle est la situation de la terre ; en quel endroit de l’univers elle s’est fixée ; comment elle s’est mise en regard des astres et du ciel ; cette question remonte à la première partie, et mérite, pour ainsi parler, une place plus honorable.
English
John Clarke · Physical Science in the Time of Nero (1910)
Every inquiry into the nature and constitution of the universe falls into three divisions--astronomy, meteorology, and geography. The first investigates the nature of the heavenly bodies, the size and shape of the fires that ring-in the world. It inquires whether the heavens are solid, composed of strong rigid material, or woven of a fine thin stuff; whether they receive or impart motion; whether the heavenly bodies are beneath them or fixed in their texture; in what manner the sun maintains the succession of the seasons; whether he returns upon his track or not, and all the other questions of a similar character. The second division deals with what lies between heaven and earth, to wit, clouds, rain, snow, and Thunder that frights the heart of man: in short, all that the atmosphere does or suffers. This subject is called meteorology (sublimia = raised on high), because it deals with phenomena exalted above the low earth. The third part inquires about waters, lands, trees, crops, or to use a legal phrase, everything that is contained in the soil. How comes it, you ask me, that you have put the question of earthquakes in the division under which you are going to treat of thunder and lightning? For that is my plan. Well, the earthquake is due to air, and air is the atmosphere in violent motion. Now, though the air may enter the earth in order to produce earthquakes, the treatment of earthquakes does not fall under geography, but more properly belongs to meteorology, which deals with the sphere to which nature has assigned the atmosphere. I can tell you something that will sound stranger still: I must speak of the earth when dealing with the heavenly bodies. Why? you ask. For this reason: we discuss in their own proper place, as part of geography, the properties of the earth, for example, whether it is broad, projecting unequally in a huge bulge to one side, or whether it all assumes the shape of a ball, gathering up its parts into a globe; whether it binds its waters or is itself bound by them; whether it is an animal or a lifeless mass without feeling, full of air no doubt, but not its own breath. These, and all other questions of the kind, as often as they crop up, will be relegated to geography, and be placed in the lowest category. But when the question comes to be the situation of the earth, the part of the universe in which it has settled, its position with respect to the heavens and heavenly bodies, then the inquiry will take its place in the higher category, and obtain higher rank so to speak. Viz. that of the heavenly bodies which constitute the subject matter of astronomy.
Concepts in this passage
Affects
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Anger
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Care of the soul
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Constitutional government
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Ether and field
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Family
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Impressions and assent
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Justice and care for the vulnerable
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Messiah
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Mindfulness
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Nature
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Perspectival inquiry
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Sin
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Spirit
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Substance
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Suffering
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Terrain and position
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