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Sextus Empiricus
Against the Logicians, Books VII-VIII of Against the Learned Section 83
Section 529 of 927
Canonical reference 8.83
Ancient Greek
Hermann Mutschmann and Jürgen Mau, editors · adversus-grc
εἰ οὖν ἀδύνατόν ἐστιν ὑπάρχειν τι οὗ τὰ μέρη ἀσυνύπαρκτά ἐστι, δέδεικται δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ μιᾶς λέξεως ἀσυνύπαρκτα τὰ μέρη, ῥητέον μηδεμίαν ὑπάρχειν λέξιν. διὰ τοῦτο δὲ οὐδὲ ἀξίωμα, ὅ φασι σύνθετον εἶναι, οἷον τὸ τοιοῦτο ‘‘Σωκράτης ἔστιν”. ὅτε γὰρ λέγεται οὔπω ἔστι τὸ ἔστιν, καὶ ὅτε τὸ ἔστι λέγεται, τὸ Σωκράτης οὐκέτι ἔστιν. οὐδέποτε ἄρα ὅλον ὑπάρχει τὸ ἀξίωμα, ἀλλὰ μέρη τοῦ ὅλου· τὰ δὲ μέρη τούτου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀξιώματα.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
If, then, it is impossible for anything whose parts do not coexist to exist, and it has been shown that even the parts of a single word do not coexist, we must say that no word exists. For this reason no proposition exists either, which they say is composite, such as “Socrates exists.” For when “Socrates” is said, “exists” does not yet exist, and when “exists” is said, “Socrates” no longer exists. Therefore the proposition never exists as a whole, but only parts of the whole exist, and its parts are not propositions.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Si donc il est impossible qu’existe une chose dont les parties ne coexistent pas, et s’il a été montré que même les parties d’un seul mot ne coexistent pas, il faut dire qu’aucun mot n’existe. Par conséquent, il n’existe pas non plus de proposition, dont ils disent qu’elle est composée, comme « Socrate existe ». Lorsque « Socrate » est dit, « existe » n’est pas encore là ; et lorsque « existe » est dit, « Socrate » n’est plus là. Jamais donc la proposition entière n’existe, mais seulement des parties du tout ; or ses parties ne sont pas des propositions.
Concepts in this passage
Dialectic
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Equipollence
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Knowledge
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Suspension of judgment
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