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Baruch Spinoza
Ethics, Émile Saisset’s French Translation Section section-0056
Section 56 of 300
Canonical reference section-0056
French
Émile Saisset or Paul Janet
Scholie : Tout le monde doit accorder que rien n’existe et ne peut être conçu sans Dieu. Car il est reconnu de tout le monde que Dieu est la cause unique de toutes choses, tant de leur essence que de leur existence ; en d’autres termes, Dieu est la cause des choses, non seulement selon le devenir, mais selon l’être. Et toutefois, si l’on écoute la plupart des philosophes, ce qui appartient à l’essence d’une chose, c’est ce sans quoi elle ne peut exister ni être conçue ; ils pensent donc de deux choses l’une, ou bien que la nature de Dieu appartient à l’essence des choses créées, ou bien que les choses créées peuvent exister ou être conçues sans Dieu ; mais ce qui est plus certain, c’est qu’ils ne sont pas suffisamment d’accord avec eux-mêmes ; et la raison en est, à mon avis, qu’ils n’ont pas gardé l’ordre philosophique des idées. La nature divine, qu’ils devaient avant tout contempler, parce qu’elle est la première, aussi bien dans l’ordre des connaissances que dans l’ordre des choses, ils l’ont mise la dernière ; et ces choses qu’on appelle objet des sens, ils les ont jugées antérieures à tout le reste. Or voici ce qui est arrivé : pendant qu’ils considéraient les choses naturelles, il n’est rien à quoi ils songeassent moins qu’à la nature divine ; puis, quand ils ont élevé leur esprit à la contemplation de la nature divine, ils ont complétement oublié ces premières imaginations dont ils avaient construit leur science des choses naturelles ; et il est vrai de dire qu’elles ne pouvaient les aider en rien à la connaissance de la nature divine, de façon qu’il ne faut point être surpris de les voir se contredire de temps en temps. Mais je n’insiste pas, mon dessein n’ayant été ici que d’expliquer pourquoi je n’ai pas dit que l’essence d’une chose, c’est ce sans quoi elle ne peut exister ni être conçue. Les choses particulières, en effet, ne peuvent exister ni être conçues sans Dieu ; et cependant Dieu n’appartient point à leur essence. En conséquence, j’ai dit : ce qui constitue l’essence d’une chose, c’est ce dont l’existence emporte celle de la chose, et la destruction sa destruction, en d’autres termes, ce qui est tel que la chose ne peut exister sans lui, ni lui sans la chose.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Scholium: Everyone must grant that nothing exists or can be conceived without God. For everyone acknowledges that God is the unique cause of all things, both of their essence and of their existence; in other words, God is the cause of things not only with respect to their becoming but with respect to their being. And yet, if we listen to most philosophers, what belongs to the essence of a thing is that without which it can neither exist nor be conceived; they therefore think one of two things: either that the nature of God belongs to the essence of created things, or that created things can exist or be conceived without God. But what is more certain is that they are not sufficiently consistent with themselves; and the reason for this, in my judgment, is that they did not preserve the philosophical order of ideas. The divine nature, which they ought to have contemplated before all else because it is first both in the order of knowledge and in the order of things, they placed last; and the things called objects of the senses they judged prior to everything else. Now this is what happened: while they considered natural things, there was nothing they thought less about than the divine nature; then, when they raised their minds to the contemplation of the divine nature, they completely forgot those first imaginings from which they had constructed their science of natural things; and it is true that these imaginings could be of no help to them in knowing the divine nature, so it is no wonder that they contradict themselves from time to time. But I shall not insist, since my purpose here was only to explain why I did not say that the essence of a thing is that without which it can neither exist nor be conceived. For particular things cannot exist or be conceived without God, and yet God does not belong to their essence. Consequently, I said: what constitutes the essence of a thing is that whose existence entails the existence of the thing, and whose destruction entails its destruction; in other words, that without which the thing cannot exist, and which cannot exist without the thing.
Concepts in this passage
Adequate idea
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Affects
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Attribute
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Conatus
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Faith
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Family
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Freedom
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God
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Impressions and assent
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Intellectual love of God
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Knowledge
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Messiah
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Mode
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Nature
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Necessity
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Power to act
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Reason
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Spirit
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Substance
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Time
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Worship
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