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Cicero

Orator Passage 36

Passage 36 of 238

Canonical reference 36

Latin

perseus-cicero-orator-lat

sed in omni re difficillimum est formam, qui χαρακτὴρ Graece dicitur, exponere optimi, quod aliud aliis videtur optimum. Ennio delector, ait quispiam, quod non discedit a communi more verborum; Pacuvio, inquit alius: omnes apud hunc ornati elaboratique sunt versus, multo apud alterum neglegentius; fac alium Accio; varia enim sunt iudicia, ut in Graecis, nec facilis explicatio quae forma maxime excellat. In picturis alios horrida inculta, abdita et opaca, contra alios nitida laeta conlustrata delectant . Quid est quo praescriptum aliquod aut formulam exprimas, cum in suo quidque genere praestet et genera plum sint? hac ego religione non sum ab hoc conatu repulsus existimavique in omnibus rebus esse aliquid optimum, etiam si lateret, idque ab eo posse qui eius rei gnarus esset iudicari.

English AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11

In every subject, however, the most difficult thing is to set forth the form of the best, what the Greeks call χαρακτήρ, since different things seem best to different people. One man says, 'I delight in Ennius because he does not depart from ordinary usage.' Another says, 'I prefer Pacuvius: in him every verse is adorned and elaborated, while in the other there is far more negligence.' Suppose another prefers Accius. Judgments vary among the Greeks as well, and it is not easy to explain which form excels most. In painting, some delight in rough, uncultivated, withdrawn, and shadowy works; others, by contrast, in brilliant, cheerful, and brightly illuminated ones. How can you formulate a rule or standard when each thing excels in its own kind and there are several kinds? This scruple did not deter me from my attempt. I judged that in every subject there is something best, even if it lies hidden, and that someone versed in the subject can judge it.

French AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11

Mais, en toute matière, le plus difficile est d’exposer la forme du meilleur, ce que les Grecs appellent χαρακτήρ, car chacun juge autre chose excellent. «J’aime Ennius, dit l’un, parce qu’il ne s’écarte pas de l’usage commun des mots.» «Moi, Pacuvius», dit un autre: chez lui, tous les vers sont ornés et travaillés, tandis que chez le premier ils sont beaucoup plus négligés. Supposez qu’un autre préfère Accius. Les jugements sont divers, comme chez les Grecs, et il n’est pas facile d’expliquer quelle forme l’emporte. En peinture, les uns aiment les œuvres rudes, sans apprêt, mystérieuses et sombres; les autres, au contraire, celles qui sont brillantes, joyeuses et lumineuses. Comment établir une règle ou une formule, lorsque chaque œuvre excelle dans son genre et que les genres sont multiples? Ce scrupule ne m’a pas détourné de mon entreprise. J’ai estimé qu’il existait en toute matière quelque chose d’excellent, même caché, et qu’un homme versé dans cette matière pouvait en juger.

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