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Cicero
On Duties Passage 21
Passage 182 of 371
Canonical reference 2.21
Latin
perseus-cicero-de_officiis-lat
Quaecumque igitur homines homini tribuunt ad eum augendum atque honestandum, aut benivolentiae gratia faciunt, cum aliqua de causa quempiam diligunt, aut honoris, si cuius virtutem suspiciunt, quemque dignum fortuna quam amplissima putant, aut cui fidem habent et bene rebus suis consulere arbitrantur, aut cuius opes metuunt, aut contra, a quibus aliquid exspectant, ut cum reges popularesve homines largitiones aliquas proponunt, aut postremo pretio ac mercede ducuntur, quae sordidissima, est illa quidem ratio et inquinatissima et iis, qui ea tenentur, et illis, qui ad eam confugere conantur;
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Whatever people confer upon a person to increase and honor him, they do either from goodwill, when for some reason they cherish someone; from respect, when they admire his virtue and consider him worthy of the most abundant fortune; because they trust him and think he will take good care of their interests; because they fear his power; or, conversely, because they expect something from him, as when kings or popular leaders offer distributions. Finally, they may be led by price and payment, a method that is certainly the most sordid and corrupting, both for those governed by it and for those who attempt to resort to it;
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Tout ce que les hommes accordent à un homme pour accroître sa puissance et son honneur, ils le font soit par bienveillance, parce qu’ils l’aiment pour quelque raison; soit par considération, s’ils admirent sa vertu et le jugent digne de la fortune la plus élevée; soit parce qu’ils ont confiance en lui et le croient capable de bien veiller à leurs intérêts; soit parce qu’ils craignent sa puissance; soit, au contraire, parce qu’ils attendent quelque chose de lui, comme lorsque des rois ou des chefs populaires promettent des largesses; soit enfin parce qu’ils sont conduits par un prix et un salaire. Ce dernier moyen est assurément le plus sordide et le plus corrompu, pour ceux qui s’y laissent prendre comme pour ceux qui tentent d’y recourir.
Concepts in this passage
Civic duty
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Moral decorum
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Duty
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Fortune
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Moral rightness and utility
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Reason
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